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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 32 -40. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2026.01.005

临床论著

膝骨关节炎膝周肌肉硬度与功能的相关性评估
李亚鹏, 岳辰, 李峰, 张志杰, 成彦, 郭珈宜()   
  1. 471000 河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 郭珈宜
  • 基金资助:
    国家中医药管理局科技专项(GZY-KJS-2023-012); 河南省中医药科学研究专项(2018ZY2146)

Evaluation on correlation between stiffness of peripheral knee muscles and knee function in knee osteoarthritis

Yapeng Li, Chen Yue, Feng Li, Zhijie Zhang, Yan Cheng, Jiayi Guo()   

  1. Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, China
  • Received:2025-06-05 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jiayi Guo
引用本文:

李亚鹏, 岳辰, 李峰, 张志杰, 成彦, 郭珈宜. 膝骨关节炎膝周肌肉硬度与功能的相关性评估[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 32-40.

Yapeng Li, Chen Yue, Feng Li, Zhijie Zhang, Yan Cheng, Jiayi Guo. Evaluation on correlation between stiffness of peripheral knee muscles and knee function in knee osteoarthritis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 32-40.

目的

利用剪切波弹性成像技术(SWE)评估膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者膝关节周围肌肉硬度,并分析其与膝关节功能的相关性。

方法

本研究在河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)开展,招募KOA患者及健康人群受试者。KOA患者符合《中国骨关节炎诊疗指南(2024版)》诊断标准且Kellgren-Lawrence分级为Ⅰ~Ⅲ级;排除存在可能影响下肢肌肉的病变或药物使用史;健康人群要求无相关疾病史,且评估前48 h内无剧烈运动、摄入酒精或咖啡等。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)方法对2组患者进行匹配。剪切波弹性成像技术评估所有受试者股四头肌(股内侧肌、股直肌及股外侧肌)、腘绳肌(半膜肌、半腱肌及股二头肌长头)及腓肠肌(内/外侧头)弹性模量,从而评估肌肉硬度;同时,记录KOA患者西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分和膝关节活动度,采用PearsonSpearman对膝关节周围肌肉硬度与WOMAC评分及膝关节活动度进行相关性分析。

结果

与健康受试者相比,KOA患者股直肌(Z=–2.45,P=0.014)、半膜肌(Z=–2.15,P=0.032)、半腱肌(Z=–3.97,P<0.001)及股二头肌长头(Z=–2.49,P=0.013)硬度显著增加,差异均具有统计学意义。相关性分析校正后显示,KOA患者腘绳肌硬度与WOMAC评分及其各子量表(疼痛、僵硬、功能障碍)呈正相关,与膝关节活动度呈负相关。其中,半膜肌与WOMAC评分(r=0.596)、疼痛(r=0.463)、僵硬(r=0.478)及功能障碍(r=0.632)均呈正相关(均为P<0.01),与活动度呈负相关(r=–0.641,P<0.001);半腱肌与WOMAC评分(r=0.437)、疼痛(r=0.451)、僵硬(r=0.458)及功能障碍(r=0.420)均呈正相关(均为P<0.05),与活动度呈负相关(r=–0.507,P<0.01);股二头肌长头与WOMAC评分(r=0.585)、疼痛(r=0.587)、僵硬(r=0.510)及功能障碍(r=0.547)均呈正相关(均为P<0.001),与活动度呈负相关(r=–0.485,P<0.01)。

结论

在KOA患者中,腘绳肌硬度的增加与更差的膝关节功能及更低的关节活动度相关。针对硬度异常的关键肌肉进行靶向干预有望成为改善KOA患者膝关节功能的新策略。

Objective

To evaluate the stiffness of peri-knee muscles in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and to analyze its correlation with knee joint function.

Methods

This study was conducted at Henan Provincial Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital). Participants included KOA patients and healthy controls. KOA diagnosis was based on the Chinese Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2024 edition) with Kellgren-Lawrence gradesⅠtoⅢ; individuals with conditions or medication history potentially affecting lower limb muscles were excluded. Healthy control group had no relevant history and no strenuous exercise, alcohol, or caffeine intake 48 h prior. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the two groups. Shear wave elastography was used to assess the elastic modulus, reflecting muscle stiffness, of the quadriceps (vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis), hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris long head), and gastrocnemius (medial/lateral heads). KOA patients were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and knee range of motion (ROM). Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was performed between muscle stiffness and WOMAC scores/knee ROM.

Results

Compared with healthy group, KOA patients showed increased stiffness in the rectus femoris (Z=–2.45, P=0.014), semimembranosus (Z=–2.15, P=0.032), semitendinosus (Z=–3.97, P<0.001), and biceps femoris long head (Z=–2.49, P=0.013), and the differences were statistically significant. After correction, correlation analysis in KOA patients showed that hamstring stiffness was positively correlated with total WOMAC score and its subscales (pain, stiffness, physical function) and negatively correlated with knee ROM. Specifically, semimembranosus stiffness correlated positively with total WOMAC (r=0.596), pain (r=0.463), stiffness (r=0.478), and physical function (r=0.632) (all P<0.01), and negatively with ROM (r=–0.641, P<0.001). Semitendinosus stiffness correlated positively with total WOMAC (r=0.437), pain (r=0.451), stiffness (r=0.458), and physical function (r=0.420) (all P<0.05), and negatively with ROM (r=–0.507, P<0.01). Biceps femoris long head stiffness correlated positively with total WOMAC (r=0.585), pain (r=0.587), stiffness (r=0.510), and physical function (r=0.547) (all P<0.001), and negatively with ROM (r=–0.485, P<0.01).

Conclusions

Increased hamstring stiffness is associated with worse knee function and reduced ROM in KOA. Targeted intervention on these specific muscles may represent a novel strategy for improving knee function in KOA patients.

表1 PSM前后健康人群和KOA患者基线资料
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the healthy individuals and KOA patients before and after PSM
表2 健康人群和KOA患者膝关节周围肌肉弹性模量对比
Table 2 Comparison of elastic modulus of peri-knee muscles between healthy individuals and KOA patients
图1 膝关节周围肌肉弹性模量与功能散点图
Figure 1 Scatter plot of elastic modulus versus function for the muscles surrounding the knee joint
表3 KOA患者腘绳肌弹性模量与WOMAC评分及膝关节活动度的相关性分析
Table 3 Correlation of hamstrings elastic modulus with WOMAC scores and knee range of motion in patients with KOA
表4 KOA患者股四头肌弹性模量与WOMAC评分及膝关节活动度的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation of quadriceps femoris elastic modulus with WOMAC scores and knee range of motion in patients with KOA
表5 KOA患者腓肠肌弹性模量与WOMAC评分及膝关节活动度的相关性分析
Table 5 Correlation of gastrocnemius elastic modulus with WOMAC scores and knee range of motion in patients with KOA
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