通过下肢静脉超声检查，分析全膝关节置换术（TKA）后患者下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的时空规律。

回顾性研究2023年1月至12月在河南省洛阳正骨医院（河南省骨科医院）行初次单侧TKA手术的1 108例患者的临床资料，所有患者分别于术后下床前及出院前行下肢静脉彩超检查，记录每个时间段患者DVT的形成情况并分析血栓形成时间和部位，计算每日血栓形成率。

本研究中TKA术后DVT形成率为42.3%。从血栓形成时间角度，术后当天至2 d血栓形成率较高，约占总血栓的98.0%；术后3~5 d罕见血栓形成；术后6~8 d，血栓形成率开始回升，6 d后形成的血栓约占总血栓的2.0%。从血栓形成部位角度，单支血栓形成率为74.2%，其中近端血栓形成率为9.0%，远端血栓形成率为91.0%；多支血栓形成率为25.8%，近端血栓并发多支血栓的形成率为78.6%。

初次TKA术后前2 d是血栓形成高峰期，3~5 d无血栓形成，6~8 d后有少量血栓形成；因而对于初次TKA在术后第3天行血栓筛查可提高DVT发现率，发现近端血栓后应检查远端静脉情况，有利于术后DVT的发现和治疗，防止严重并发症发生。

To analyse the timing and location of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) formation in the lower limbs of patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by ultrasonography.

The clinical data of 1 108 patients underwent primary unilateral TKA in Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province from January to December 2023 were retrospectively studied. The formation of DVT in each time period was recorded and analyzed. The time and location of thrombus formation were analyzed, and the daily thrombus formation rate were calculated.

The DVT formation rate after TKA was 42.3%. The thrombus formation rate was higher from the day of surgery to the second postoperative day, accounting for 98.0% of the total thrombi; few thrombi formed from the third to the fifth postoperative day. From the sixth to the eighth postoperative day, the thrombus formation rate began to rise again, and the thrombi formation after the sixth day accounted for 2.0% of the total thrombi. As for the thrombus formation site, the single-vessel thrombus formation rate was 74.2%, of which the proximal thrombus formation rate was 9.0% and the distal thrombus formation rate was 91.0%; the multi-vessel thrombus formation rate was 25.8%, and the proximal thrombus complicated with multi-vessel thrombus formation rate was 78.6%.

After primary TKA, the first two days is the peak period of thrombosis, three to five days shows no thrombus formation, and six to eight days may form a small amount of thrombus; therefore, for primary TKA, thrombus screening at the third day after surgery can improve the detection rate of DVT, and the distal vein should be examined after the proximal thrombus is detected, which is conducive to the discovery and the treatment of DVT, and to prevent serious complications.