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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 418 -426. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.04.004

临床论著

骨代谢指标与关节软骨损伤Outerbridge分级的相关性研究
陈波波, 王冠乔, 王宏煜, 侯建业, 田野()   
  1. 110000 沈阳,中国医科大学附属盛京医院脊柱关节外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03 出版日期:2025-08-01
  • 通信作者: 田野
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82470923); 辽宁省教育厅基础科学研究项目(LJKMZ20221164)

Correlation study between bone metabolic markers and the Outerbridge classification of articular cartilage injuries

Bobo Chen, Guanqiao Wang, Hongyu Wang, Jianye Hou, Ye Tian()   

  1. Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
  • Received:2025-01-03 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Ye Tian
引用本文:

陈波波, 王冠乔, 王宏煜, 侯建业, 田野. 骨代谢指标与关节软骨损伤Outerbridge分级的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 418-426.

Bobo Chen, Guanqiao Wang, Hongyu Wang, Jianye Hou, Ye Tian. Correlation study between bone metabolic markers and the Outerbridge classification of articular cartilage injuries[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 418-426.

目的

以膝关节镜下直观观测到的膝关节软骨损伤程度为因变量,探讨骨代谢指标与膝关节软骨损伤程度的相关性,以期为早期识别膝骨关节炎(KOA)的高危人群,制定个体化KOA防治策略提供临床理论依据。

方法

回顾性分析了2021年1月至2023年12月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院脊柱关节外科需行膝关节镜手术的患者,排除伴有炎性关节病、既往膝关节手术史、既往膝关节外伤史等混杂因素的患者,最终纳入156例。通过镜下观测到的膝关节软骨损伤程度进行Outerbridge分级,将研究对象按照Ⅰ至Ⅳ级损伤分为4组,将骨代谢指标25-羟基维生素D(25-OH-VD)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)、N端骨钙素(N-MID)、总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(TP1NP)以及性别、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、骨密度、半月板损伤、十字韧带损伤等指标纳入分析,先进行一般资料差异分析,将具有统计学意义的变量逐个纳入单因素有序多分类logistic回归模型,进一步筛选出有统计学意义的指标纳入多因素有序多分类logistic回归模型进行分析。

结果

一般资料差异分析中,年龄、BMI、骨密度T值、25-OH-VD、β-CTX、N-MID、TP1NP和有无半月板损伤差异存在统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。多因素有序多分类logistic分析显示年龄增长[比值比(OR)=1.067,P<0.01]、BMI增加(OR=1.198,P<0.05)和半月板损伤(OR=3.697,P<0.05)是膝关节软骨损伤的独立危险因素(均P<0.05),较大的骨密度T值(OR=0.252,P<0.001)及较高水平的25-OH-VD(OR=0.937,P<0.05)和N-MID(OR=0.881,P<0.001)是膝关节软骨损伤的独立保护因素。

结论

较高水平的25-OH-VD和N-MID以及良好的骨密度对膝关节软骨具有一定保护作用,维持骨量正常和25-OH-VD、N-MID的水平正常有助于保护膝关节软骨从而延缓KOA的进展。而膝关节软骨损伤随着年龄增长和BMI的增加而有逐渐加重的趋势,半月板损伤是膝关节软骨损伤的独立危险因素。

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the degree of knee cartilage damage observed by knee arthroscopy and bone metabolism markers, in order to provide a clinical theoretical basis for early identification of high-risk groups for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and the formulation of individualized KOA prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods

A total of 156 patients who needed arthroscopic knee surgery at the department of spinal joint surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated with China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively from January 2021 to December 2023, exclusion criteria comprised inflammatory arthropathies, history of knee surgery and significant knee trauma. According to the Outerbridge classification of the degree of knee cartilage injury observed in knee arthroscopy, the subjects were divided into four groups according to the grade of injuries. Various factors, including bone metabolism markers such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), β-collagen degradation products (β-CTX), N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID), total type I collagen amino-terminal extension peptide (TP1NP), as well as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density, meniscus injury, and cruciate ligament injury were analyzed. The general data difference analysis was carried out and the statistically significant variables were included in the univariate multivariate ordered logistic regression model one by one. The indicators with statistically significant differences were further selected and included in the multivariable ordinal logistic regression model for analysis, so as to explore the correlation between each factor and the degree of knee cartilage injury.

Results

The results of the analysis of the differences in general data showed that there were statistical differences in age, BMI, T value of bone density, 25-OH-VD, β-CTX, N-MID, TP1NP and whether there was meniscus injury or not in the four groups (all P<0.05). The results of multifactorial orderly and multiclassified logistic regression analysis showed that age increase [odds ratio (OR)=1.067, P<0.01], BMI increase (OR=1.198, P<0.05) and meniscus injury (OR=3.697, P<0.05) are Independent risk factors for the degree of knee cartilage injury (P< 0.05), while large bone density T value (OR=0.252, P<0.001) 、higher levels of 25-OH-VD (OR=0.937, P<0.05) and N-MID (OR=0.881, P<0.001) are independent protective factors for the degree of knee cartilage injury.

Conclusions

Higher levels of 25-OH-VD and N-MID, as well as better bone density have a certain protective effect on knee articular cartilage, thus maintaining normal bone mass and normal levels of 25-OH-VD and N-MID can help protecting the articular cartilage of knee and postpone the occurrence and development of KOA. Knee cartilage injury tends to gradually worsen with the increase of age and BMI, and meniscus injury is an independent risk factor for knee cartilage injury.

图1 关节镜下膝关节软骨损伤Outerbridge分级标准示意图。图A为OuterbridgeⅠ级,表面轻度的水疱(软化和肿胀);图B为OuterbridgeⅡ级,直径小于l cm的毛糙,或者是浅表溃疡;图C为OuterbridgeⅢ级,直径大于l cm的深溃疡,无软骨下骨暴露;图D为OuterbridgeⅣ级,全厚撕裂合并软骨下骨暴露注:图中上方为股骨髁面,下方为胫骨平台,中间为半月板结构
Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of Outerbridge classification criteria for knee cartilage injury under arthroscope. A is Outerbridgegrade Ⅰwith mild surface blisters (softening and swelling); B is OuterbridgegradeⅡ, showing roughness or superficial ulceration with a diameter less than one centimeter; C is OuterbridgegradeⅢ, showing deep ulceration with a diameter greater than one centimeter without exposure of subchondral bone; D is OuterbridgegradeⅣ, showing full-thickness tear with exposure of subchondral boneNote: the upper part of the image is femoral condyle, the bottom part is tibial plateau, and the center part is meniscus
表1 两名医师软骨损伤Outerbridge分级结果的一致性分析
Table 1 Consistency analysis of the Outerbridge grading results for cartilage injury between two physicians
表2 不同程度膝关节软骨损伤患者基线与差异分析
Table 2 Baseline and difference analysis of patients with different degrees of knee cartilage injury
分层Stratification 总计Total Ⅰ级Grade Ⅰ Ⅱ级Grade Ⅱ Ⅲ级Grade Ⅲ Ⅳ级Grade Ⅳ 统计值Statistic values P
例数Nmuber of cases   39 63 37 17    
性别Gender [n(%)]              
男Male 76(48.70) 23(59.00) 32(50.80) 16(43.20) 5(29.40) χ2=4.731 >0.05
女Female 80(51.30) 16(41.00) 31(49.20) 21(56.80) 12(70.60)    
年龄[岁,(±s)]Age (years) 49.18±11.20 39.03±8.35 48.43±9.65 55.84±7.18 60.76±8.66 F=35.236 <0.001
BMI [kg/m2,(±s)] 25.91±3.75 22.97±2.59 25.20±2.72 27.98±3.17 30.82±3.24 F=38.229 <0.001
骨密度T值(±s)Bone mineral density T value -1.30(-1.98,-0.50) 0(-0.90,0.70) -1.30(-1.60,-0.70) -2.10(-2.60,-1.60) -2.90(-3.35,-2.50) H=85.562 <0.001
25-OH-VD[nmol/L,(±s)] 21.28(16.54,26.48) 28.65(22.96,31.51) 21.28(18.63,24.85) 18.66(14.57,22.66) 13.45(12.07,19.24) H=41.236 <0.001
PTH[ng/L,(±s)] 35.61±10.39 32.99±8.82 36.75±9.71 36.10 ±12.08 36.28 ±12.01 F=1.134 >0.05
β-CTX[μg/L,(±s)] 0.59(0.46,0.67) 0.45(0.33,0.60) 0.56(0.50,0.63) 0.65(0.52,0.73) 0.69(0.63,0.72) H=34.733 <0.001
N-MID[μg/L,(±s)] 20.97(17.10,27.75) 29.46(23.79,32.91) 21.13(18.69,25.46) 17.49(13.75,20.70) 11.91(11.26,14.14) H=64.929 <0.001
TP1NP[μg/L,(±s)] 48.15(40.48,54.92) 52.41(47.37,56.83) 48.37(41.48,53.83) 43.82(37.79,55.24) 32.74(28.51,40.82) H=29.613 <0.001
半月板损伤[n(%)]Meniscus injury              
无No 46(29.50) 28(71.80) 16(25.40) 2(5.40) 0 χ2=51.510 <0.001
有Yes 110(70.50) 11(28.20) 47(74.60) 35(94.60) 17(100.00)    
十字韧带损伤[n(%)] Cruciate ligament injury              
无No 72(46.20) 11(28.20) 35(55.60) 17(45.90) 9(52.90) χ2=7.612 >0.05
有Yes 84(53.80) 28(71.80) 28(44.40) 20(54.10) 8(47.10)    
本次有无急性损伤[n(%)] Acute injury in this episode              
无No 65(41.70) 12(30.80) 27(42.90) 17(45.90) 9(52.90) χ2=3.110 >0.05
有Yes 91(58.30) 27(69.20) 36(57.10) 20(54.10) 8(47.10)    
表3 不同程度膝关节软骨损伤的单因素有序多分类logistic回归分析
Table 3 Univariate ordinal multinomial logistic regression analysis of different degrees of knee cartilage injury
表4 不同程度膝关节软骨损伤的多因素有序多分类logistic回归分析
Table 4 Multivariate ordinal multinomial logistic regression analysis of different degrees of knee cartilage injury
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你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?