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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 366 -373. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.03.015

临床经验

外翻膝术后中立位机械对线的早中期疗效
钟永洌, 张杰, 张志奇()   
  1. 510080 广州,中山大学附属第一医院
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 张志奇
  • 基金资助:
    中山大学临床研究5010计划项目(2013002)

Early to mid-term outcomes of neutral mechanical alignment after total knee arthroplasty in valgus knee deformity

Yonglie Zhong, Jie Zhang, Zhiqi Zhang()   

  1. The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2024-09-27 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhiqi Zhang
引用本文:

钟永洌, 张杰, 张志奇. 外翻膝术后中立位机械对线的早中期疗效[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 366-373.

Yonglie Zhong, Jie Zhang, Zhiqi Zhang. Early to mid-term outcomes of neutral mechanical alignment after total knee arthroplasty in valgus knee deformity[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 366-373.

目的

比较外翻膝行初次全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后中立对线与轻度残留外翻对早中期疗效与功能的影响。

方法

回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年8月符合入选标准的55名外翻膝患者(57膝)。随访时间为2.8~8.5年。根据术后首次负重下肢X线片上的髋膝踝(HKA)角分为中立组(–3°≤HKA角≤3°,n=33)和轻度外翻组(3°<HKA角≤6°,n=24)。通过配对t检验,或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验比较两组之间的美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)以及关节置换术后遗忘评分(FJS-12)。随访期间无膝关节假体翻修案例。

结果

末次随访时,中立组患者在临床和功能结果方面显著优于轻度外翻组,表现为更高的KSS膝评分(t=2.043,P<0.05)、膝关节功能评分(Z=-2.766,P<0.05)、更低的WOMAC评分(t=-3.327,P<0.05)以及更高的FJS-12评分(t=2.485,P<0.05)。此外,对于术前外翻膝患者,外翻角度为9°~15°的患者在KSS膝关节功能评分方面显著高于3°~9°和大于15°的患者(H=6.189,P<0.05)。

结论

在外翻型OA患者的TKA中,将HKA力线调整至中立位(±3°)较残留轻度外翻可显著改善临床和功能结果,并提升患者满意度。研究还表明,不同外翻程度患者可能存在一个术后功能改善的最佳范围,处于该范围的患者可获得更显著的症状缓解和功能恢复,为优化个性化治疗提供了重要参考。

Objective

To compare the early to mid-term outcomes and functional results of neutral alignment versus mild residual valgus following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with valgus knee deformity.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 55 patients with valgus knees (57 knees) who met the inclusion criteria between January 2015 and August 2020. The follow-up duration were 2.8 to 8.5 years. Based on the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) measured on the first postoperative weight-bearing lower-limb X-ray, patients were divided into two groups: the neutral group (–3°≤HKA≤3°, n=33) and the mild valgus group (3°<HKA≤6°, n=24). The groups were compared using the American Knee Society score (KSS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), and the forgotten joint score-12 (FJS-12) were compared between the two groups using paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. No case needs prosthetic knee revision during the follow-up period.

Results

At the final follow-up, the neutral group demonstrated significantly better clinical and functional outcomes compared to the mild valgus group, including higher KSS knee scores (t=2.043, P<0.05), knee function scores (Z=-2.766, P<0.05), lower WOMAC scores (t=-3.327, P<0.05), and higher FJS-12 scores (t=2.485, P<0.05). Additionally, among preoperative valgus patients, those with a valgus angle of 9° to 15° achieved significantly higher KSS knee function scores compared to those with angles of 3° to 9°or >15° (H=6.189, P<0.05).

Conclusions

In patients with valgus-type OA undergoing TKA, adjusting the HKA alignment to a neutral position (±3°) significantly improves clinical and functional outcomes compared to mild residual valgus and enhances patient satisfaction. There may be an optimal range of postoperative alignment for different degrees of valgus, within which patients experience the most significant symptom relief and functional recovery. This finding provides valuable insights for optimizing personalized treatment strategies.

表1 总体一般情况及评价[n=57,(±s)]
Table 1 General characteristics and assessments
表2 术前分组一般情况的比较
Table 2 Comparison of Baseline Characteristics Between Preoperative Groups
图1 不同外翻角度术前亚组末次随访时KSS(膝关节协会评分)功能评分比较
Figure 1 Comparison of KSS(Knee Society score) functional scores at final follow-up among preoperative valgus subgroups
表3 外翻分组的术前术后相关量表评分(±s
Table 3 Preoperative and postoperative scores of relevant scales in the valgus subgroups
表4 术后分组一般情况
Table 4 General data of postoperative group characteristics
表5 术后分组的术前术后相关量表评分(±s
Table 5 Preoperative and postoperative scores of relevant scales by postoperative group
图2 术后不同下肢矫正组末次随访时各评分比较注:KSS-膝关节协会评分;WOMAC-西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数;FJS-关节置换术后遗忘评分
Figure 2 Comparison different evaluation scores at final follow-up between different postoperative lower limb alignment groupsNote: KSS-Knee Society Score; WOMAC-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; FJS-Forgotten Joint Score
图3 术后不同下肢矫正组末次随访时KSS(膝关节协会评分)膝关节功能评分比较
Figure 3 Comparison of KSS(Knee Society score) knee joint function scores at final follow-up between different postoperative lower limb alignment groups
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