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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 677 -683. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.06.005

临床论著

膝外翻全膝关节置换术后下肢力线与疗效的相关性
夏堃, 佘蔡楠, 杨昊天, 陶然, 陆跃, 马洪冬()   
  1. 226001 南通大学附属医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-24 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 马洪冬
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82202743)

Correlation between lower limb alignment and efficacy after total knee arthroplasty for genu valgum

Kun Xia, Cainan She, Haotian Yang, Ran Tao, Yue Lu, Hongdong Ma()   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
  • Received:2025-05-24 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Hongdong Ma
引用本文:

夏堃, 佘蔡楠, 杨昊天, 陶然, 陆跃, 马洪冬. 膝外翻全膝关节置换术后下肢力线与疗效的相关性[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 677-683.

Kun Xia, Cainan She, Haotian Yang, Ran Tao, Yue Lu, Hongdong Ma. Correlation between lower limb alignment and efficacy after total knee arthroplasty for genu valgum[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 677-683.

目的

探讨不同程度膝外翻患者全膝关节置换术后下肢力线矫正程度(中立位vs残余外翻)与临床疗效的相关性。

方法

本回顾性研究选取2019年3月至2022年11月在南通大学附属医院因单侧膝外翻行初次全膝关节置换术(TKA)的患者进行分析,排除存在关节外畸形及使用限制性假体的患者,共纳入157例患者。根据术前X线片所测量的胫股角(FTA)将患者分为3组:轻度外翻组80例(7°<FTA<15°),中度外翻组56例(15°≤FTA≤30°),重度外翻组21例(FTA>30°)。比较各组术后不同力线间的FTA、关节活动度(ROM)、纽约特种外科医院评分(HSS)、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(WOMAC)骨关节炎指数和患者满意度。结果用单因素方差分析、独立样本t检验和卡方检验或Fisher确切检验进行分析。

结果

平均随访时间(34.2±5.8)个月。术前轻度外翻组,术后中性对线的患者满意度(χ2=10.02)、HSS(F=3.78)、WOMAC骨关节炎指数(F=3.44)明显高于术后外翻对线的患者(均为P<0.05)。术前中、重度外翻组,术后外翻对线的患者满意度(χ2=8.97、6.24,均为P<0.05)、HSS的改善程度(F=4.85,t=4.91,均为P<0.05)、WOMAC骨关节炎指数的改善程度(F=3.53,t=6.54,均为P<0.05)以及SF-36生理功能评分(F=3.52,t=2.18,均为P<0.05)明显高于术后中性对线的患者。中度外翻组出现1例下肢深静脉血栓,重度外翻组出现2例假体无菌性松动。随访期间未发生感染、关节僵硬和髌骨脱位等情况。

结论

对于术前轻度外翻,矫正至中立位与保留残余外翻相比可获得更好的结果;对于术前中重度外翻,术后保留残余外翻也可确保满意的临床疗效。

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the degree of lower limb alignment correction (neutral alignment vs. residual valgus) and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with varying degrees of valgus knee deformity.

Methods

A retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent primary TKA at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from March 2019 to November 2022 due to unilateral knee valgus deformity. Patients with extra-articular deformities and those using restrictive prostheses were excluded. A total of 157 patients were enrolled. According to preoperative femorotibial angle (FTA) measured on Ximages, the patients were divided into three groups: mild valgus group (7°< FTA < 15°, n=80), moderate valgus group (15°≤FTA ≤ 30°, n=56), and severe valgus group (FTA > 30°, n=21). FTA, range of motion (ROM), Hospital for Special Surgery score (HSS), Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and patient satisfaction were recorded and analyzed statistically. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t test, and chi square or Fisher’s exact test.

Results

The mean follow-up was (34.2±5.8) months. In the preoperative mild valgus group, patients with postoperative neutral alignment showed significantly higher satisfaction (χ2=10.02), HSS (F=3.78), and WOMAC (F=3.44) compared to those with postoperative valgus alignment (all P<0.05). In the preoperative moderate and severe valgus group, the patients with postoperative valgus alignment showed significantly higher satisfaction (χ2=8.97, 6.24, both P<0.05) and greater improvement of HSS (F=4.85, t=4.91, both P<0.05), WOMAC (F=3.53, t=6.54, both P<0.05), and SF-36 score (F=3.52, t=2.18, both P<0.05) than thepatients with postoperative neutral alignment. Deep vein thrombosis occurred in one case in moderate group, artificial prosthesis aseptic loosening occurred in two cases in severe group. No infection, anchylosis or recurrent dislocation of knee-cap occurred during follow-up.

Conclusions

For mild valgus before operation, correction to neutral alignment achieved better outcomes than leaving residual valgus. For preoperative moderate and severe valgus, retaining residual valgus postoperatively ensured satisfactory clinical outcomes too.

表1 三组患者术前资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of preoperative characteristics among three groups of patients
表2 轻度外翻组的术后力线矫正和功能结果
Table 2 Postoperative alignment correction and functional outcomes in the mild valgus group
表3 中度外翻组的术后力线矫正和功能结果
Table 3 Postoperative alignment correction and functional outcomes in the moderate valgus group
表4 重度外翻组的术后力线矫正和功能结果
Table 4 Postoperative alignment correction and functional outcomes in the severe valgus group
图1 左膝重度外翻患者术前及术后下肢X线片。图A为术前下肢全长正位片,示左膝重度外翻,胫股外翻角31°;图B为术前左膝关节正侧位片,示严重骨关节炎;图C为术后下肢全长正位片,示术后左膝残留部分外翻,胫股角为11°;图D为术后左膝关节正侧位片,示假体位置良好
Figure 1 Lower limb radiographs before and after surgery of left knee with severe valgus deformity. A is full-length lower limb image at anteroposterior view before surgery, demonstrating severe valgus deformity of the left knee with a femorotibial angle of 31°; B is image of the left knee at anteroposterior and lateral views before surgery, showing severe osteoarthritis; C is full-length lower limb image at anteroposterior view after surgery, showing residual valgus alignment of the left knee with a femorotibial angle of 11°; D is image of the left knee at anteroposterior and lateral views after surgery, showing good position of prosthesis
图2 左膝轻度外翻患者手术前后下肢X线片。图A为术前下肢全长正位片,示左膝轻度外翻,胫股角为13°;图B为术前左膝关节正侧位片,示左膝骨关节炎;图C为术后下肢全长正位片,示下肢力线中立;图D为术后左膝关节正侧位片,示假体位置良好无松动
Figure 2 Lower limb radiographs before and after surgery of left knee with mild valgus deformity. A is full-length lower limb image at anteroposterior view before surgery, demonstrating mild valgus deformity of the left knee with a femorotibial angle of 13°; B is image of the left knee at anteroposterior and lateral views before surgery, showing knee osteoarthritis; C is full-length lower limb image at anteroposterior view after surgery, showing residual valgus alignment of the left knee with restoration of neutral lower limb alignment; D is image of the left knee at anteroposterior and lateral views after surgery, showing good position of prosthesis without loosening
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