人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）是目前治疗膝关节骨关节炎、膝关节类风湿性关节炎等膝关节疾病的主要术式，在减轻病变关节疼痛、改善关节功能方面具有良好的效果。近些年随着人们对美好生活的追求日益提升，TKA手术量也在逐年上涨。但在接受TKA的患者中，有高达16%~33%的患者出现术后慢性疼痛，术后慢性疼痛是引起患者术后不满意的主要原因之一。有很大一部分患者，他们的手术医生认为通过术中评估和术后拍片提示手术已经成功。越来越多的外科医生意识到了引起术后慢性疼痛的非手术因素的重要性。影响术后慢性疼痛的非手术因素众多，关节外科医生应在术前认识到哪些患者术后可能出现慢性疼痛，术前调整患者自身状态，降低患者术后预期，进而提升患者满意度、减少医疗纠纷。一旦出现术后慢性疼痛只有当疼痛原因已经明确与手术因素有关时，才应该进行翻修手术，因为无法解释的疼痛的翻修手术被证明会导致不良的结果。本文通过文献回顾围绕对TKA术后慢性疼痛的非手术影响因素进行分析，旨在提高关节外科医生的关注。

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the main operation for the treatment of knee diseases such as knee osteoarthritis and knee rheumatoid arthritis. It has good effect in reducing the pain of diseased joints and improving joint function. In recent years, with the increasing pursuit of a better life, the amount of TKA surgery is also increasing year by year. However, up to 16%-33% of patients who receive TKA experience chronic pain after surgery, which is one of the main causes of postoperative dissatisfaction. In a large proportion of patients, their surgeons believe that intraoperative evaluation and post-operative radiography indicate that the operation has been successful. More and more surgeons are aware of the importance of non-surgical factors that cause chronic pain after surgery. There are many non-surgical factors that affect chronic pain after surgery. Joint surgeons should determine what kind of patients are likely to have chronic pain after surgery, adjust the status of patients before surgery, and lower the postoperative expectations of patients, so as to improve patient satisfaction and reduce medical disputes. In the event of postoperative chronic pain, revision surgery should only be performed if the cause of the pain has been clearly related to surgical factors, as revision surgery for unexplained pain has been shown to lead to poor outcomes. Through literature review, this article analyzed the non-surgical influencing factors of chronic pain after TKA, aiming to increase the attention of joint surgeons.