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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 669 -676. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.06.004

临床论著

骨科机器人辅助动力交叉钉治疗不稳定型股骨颈骨折
吴超1, 王争刚1, 罗晓东1, 范斌2, 刘彬2,()   
  1. 1712000 咸阳,陕西省核工业二一五医院创伤骨科
    2712000 咸阳市秦都区第一人民医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 刘彬
  • 基金资助:
    2023年陕西省科学技术协会青年人才托举计划项目(20230342)

Treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures with orthopedic robot-assisted femoral neck system

Chao Wu1, Zhenggang Wang1, Xiaodong Luo1, Bin Fan2, Bin Liu2,()   

  1. 1Department of Trauma Orthopedics, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China
    2Department of Orthopedics, the First People’s Hospital of Qindu District, Xianyang 712000, China
  • Received:2025-03-28 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Bin Liu
引用本文:

吴超, 王争刚, 罗晓东, 范斌, 刘彬. 骨科机器人辅助动力交叉钉治疗不稳定型股骨颈骨折[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 669-676.

Chao Wu, Zhenggang Wang, Xiaodong Luo, Bin Fan, Bin Liu. Treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures with orthopedic robot-assisted femoral neck system[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 669-676.

目的

分析骨科机器人辅助下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统(FNS)固定治疗不稳定型股骨颈骨折的效果。

方法

选取2021年6月至2024年6月陕西省核工业二一五医院创伤骨科收治81例不稳定型股骨颈骨折患者,根据手术方法分为机器人组(骨科机器人+ FNS固定,n=46)、对照组(人工手术+ FNS固定,n=35)。纳入标准:单侧不稳定型股骨颈骨折,年龄18~75岁,骨折前髋关节正常,接受骨科机器人或传统手术FNS固定且临床资料完整。排除标准:髋部骨折史,病理性骨折、多发骨折,术后随访时间小于6个月,重要脏器功能障碍、严重骨质疏松等。采用t检验、方差分析、卡方检验等比较两组手术指标、数字评定量表(NRS)、Harris髋关节评分(HHS)、疼痛因子水平、术后并发症。

结果

机器人组术中出血量25(22,31)ml、术中透视次数(14±3)次低于对照组的31(26,38)ml、(15±3)次(Z=4.631、t=2.455,均为P<0.05);一次性置钉成功率100.0%高于对照组80.0%(Fishier精确检验P=0.002)。两组手术时长、住院天数比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=1.639、t=1.693,均为P>0.05)。重复测量方差分析结果显示,两组NRS评分呈降低趋势(时间F=227.30,P<0.001;组间F=8.83,交互F=3.75,均为P<0.05),且机器人组术后1、3 d的NRS评分为(5.7±1.1)分、(4.1±1.0)分,均低于对照组的(6.5±1.3)分、(4.8±1.1)分(t=2.715、2.878,均为P<0.05)。两组HHS呈升高趋势(时间F=483.43,P<0.001;组间F=5.31,P=0.022;交互F=1.49,P>0.05),且机器人组术后3个月HHS评分(82±9)分高于对照组(76±7)分(t=3.311,P<0.05),两组术后6个月HHS评分比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.548,P>0.05)。两组前列腺素E2(PGE2)、神经肽Y(NPY)呈先升高后下降趋势,两组术后1 d PGE2、NPY差异无统计学意义(t=1.664、1.717,均为P>0.05),机器人组术后3 d PGE2、NPY低于对照组t=2.155、2.586,均为P<0.05)。术后并发症发生率机器人组10.9%,对照组17.1%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.667,P>0.05)。

结论

骨科机器人辅助下FNS固定治疗不稳定型股骨颈骨折能有效缓解患者术后疼痛,促进短期髋关节恢复,对患者的创伤更小,有利于术后康复。

Objective

To analyze the effect of orthopedic robot-assisted femoral neck system (FNS) fixation in the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures.

Methods

A total of 81 patients with unstable femoral neck fractures admitted to department of trauma orthopedics of No.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry were selected from June 2021 to June 2024. According to the surgical methods, the enrolled patients were divided into robot group (orthopedic robot + FNS fixation, n=46) and control group (artificial surgery + FNS fixation, n=35). Inculusion criteria: unilateral unstable femoral neck fractures, age 18 to 75 years, normal hip before the fracture, patient accepted robot assisted or traditional FNS fixation with complete information. Exclusion criteria: hip fracture history, pathologic fractures or multi-fractures, follow-up duration less than six months, vital organ dysfunction, severe osteoporosis, etc. The surgical indicators, numerical rating scale (NRS), Harris hip score (HHS), pain factors and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups by t test, analysis of variance, and chi square test.

Results

The intraoperative blood loss volume and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency in the robot group were 25 (22, 31) ml and (14±3) times, which were less than 31 (26, 38) ml and (15±3) times in the control group (Z=4.631, t=2.455, both P<0.05). The success rate of one-time nail placement was 100.0% in the robot group which was higher than 80.0% in the control group (Fisher’s exact test P=0.002). There were no statistical differences in surgical time and hospitalization time between groups (Z=1.639, t=1.693, both P>0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the NRS score in the two groups showed a decreasing trend (time-point F=227.30, P<0.001; between groups F=8.83, interaction F=3.75, both P<0.05), and the NRS scores were 5.7±1.1 and 4.1±1.0 in the robot group at one day and three days after surgery, which were lower than 6.5±1.3 and 4.8±1.1 in the control group (t=2.715, 2.878, both P<0.05). HHS score in both groups showed an increasing trend (time-point F=483.43, P<0.001, between-group F=5.31, P=0.022, interaction F=1.49, P>0.05), and HHS score in the robot group were 82±9 at three months after surgery, which was higher than 76±7 in the control group (t=3.311, P<0.05), while there was no statistical significance in HHS score at six months after surgery between groups (t=1.548, P>0.05). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the two groups increased first and then decreased, and no statistical differences were exhibited in PGE2 and NPY between groups at one day after surgery (t=1.664, 1.717, both P>0.05). PGE2 and NPY in the robot group at three days after surgery were lower than those in the control group (t=2.155, 2.586, both P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in total incidence rate of postoperative complications between the robot group (10.9%) and the control group (17.1%) (χ2=0.667, P>0.05).

Conclusion

Orthopedic robot-assisted FNS fixation for unstable femoral neck fractures can effectively relieve the postoperative pain, and promote the short-term hip joint recovery, and it has small trauma to patients and is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation.

表1 机器人组和对照组一般资料
Table 1 General databetween the robot group and the control group
表2 机器人组和对照组手术指标
Table 2 Surgical indicators between the robot group and the control group
表3 机器人组和对照组NRS评分的比较(±s
Table 3 Comparison of NRS scorebetween the robot group and the control group
表4 机器人组和对照组HHS评分的比较(±s
Table 4 Comparison of HHS score between the robot group and the control group
表5 机器人组和对照组疼痛因子水平(±s
Table 5 Pain factors of the robot group and the control group
表6 机器人组和对照组术后并发症的比较[n(%)]
Table 6 Comparison of postoperative complications between the robot group and the control group [n (%)]
图1 Holosight机器人辅助FNS(股骨颈动力交叉钉系统)固定治疗右股骨颈骨折。图A为术前骨盆正位X线片,图B为术前CT三维重建,示右侧股骨颈骨折;图C为术中透视,示撬拨复位股骨颈骨折;图D~E为导航定位下置入导针;图F~G为术中透视,示置入股骨颈防旋系统;图H示手术切口已缝合
Figure 1 Holosight robot assisted FNS(femoral neck system) fixation for treatment of right femoral neck fracture. A is anteroposterior X-ray image of pelvis before surgery, B is three-dimensional reconstruction of CT image before surgery, showing right femoral neck fracture; C is fluoroscopy during surgery, showing leverage and reduction of femoral neck fractures; D and E are images showing that insertion of guide pins under navigation positioning; F and G are fluoroscopic images during surgery, showing the implantation of the femoral neck anti-rotation system; H shows the sutured surgical incision
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