骨关节炎(OA)是一类多发于中老年人的退行性关节疾病，随着中国社会老龄化，该病的患病率逐年上升，且该病的发病机制复杂不明。目前在现有的保守治疗方法中，尚未发现针对发病原因和疼痛机制的有效疗法，并且其终末期的疗法常为关节置换，为了减轻患者因骨关节炎产生的疼痛和相关的治疗花费负担，构建骨关节炎相似表型的动物模型是研究其机制和各种新式保守治疗方法的重要基础之一。目前骨关节炎模型使用的动物种类繁多，方法也是各式各样，相关技术在不断更新和进步，但各种动物种类及造模方法都有其优缺点，为了节省研究的时间和经济成本，其中鼠类关节腔内注射碘乙酸钠导致的骨关节炎动物模型有其优势。由于骨关节炎较常发生在膝和髋两个部位，故本文通过回顾相关文献，对碘乙酸钠在膝和髋关节炎的造模方法和作用进行归纳整理和分析总结，望对骨关节炎的相关研究和临床转化有所帮助。

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of degenerative joint disease mainly affecting middle-aged and elderly people. With the aging of Chinese society, the prevalence rate of this disease is increasing year by year, and the pathogenesis of this disease is complex and unclear. Currently, no effective treatment has been found for the pathogenesis and pain mechanism among the existing conservative treatment methods, and joint replacement is often the end-stage treatment. In order to reduce the pain caused by OA in patients and the related treatment cost burden, the establishment of animal models with similar phenotypes of osteoarthritis is one of the important bases for the study of its mechanism and various new conservative treatment methods. At present, various animal types and methods are used in OA models, and relevant technologies are constantly updated and advanced. However, various animal types and modeling methods have their advantages and disadvantages. In order to save research time and economic cost, animal models of OA caused by the injection of sodium iodoacetate into the joint cavity of mice have their advantages. As OA often occurs in knee and hip, this paper, by reviewing relevant literature, summarized, sorted out, analyzed and summed up the modeling methods and effects of sodium iodoacetate in knee and hip arthritis, hoping to contribute to related research and clinical transformation of osteoarthritis.