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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (04) : 469 -476. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2024.04.006

临床论著

机器人辅助全膝关节置换术的临床疗效对照研究
任俊筱1, 浦路桥2, 王志豪1, 施洪鑫3, 刘爱峰4, 齐保闯2, 徐永清2, 李川5,†()   
  1. 1. 650500 昆明,云南中医药大学第一临床医学院
    2. 650032 昆明,解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院
    3. 671003 大理大学临床医学院
    4. 300381 天津中医药大学第一附属医院
    5. 650500 昆明,云南中医药大学第一临床医学院;650201 中国科学院昆明动物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-11 出版日期:2024-08-01
  • 通信作者: 李川
  • 基金资助:
    云南省骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心(202102AA310068); 云南省昆医联合专项基础研究计划面上项目(202001AC070337); 云南省技术创新人才培养对象项目(202005AD160146)

Comparative study of clinical efficacy of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty

Junxiao Ren1, Luqiao Pu2, Zhihao Wang1, Hongxin Shi3, Aifeng Liu4, Baochuang Qi2, Yongqing Xu2, Chuan Li5,†()   

  1. 1. The First Clinical Medical College of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
    2. 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
    3. Dali University, Dali 671003, China
    4. The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
    5. The First Clinical Medical College of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China;Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
  • Received:2024-01-11 Published:2024-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Chuan Li
引用本文:

任俊筱, 浦路桥, 王志豪, 施洪鑫, 刘爱峰, 齐保闯, 徐永清, 李川. 机器人辅助全膝关节置换术的临床疗效对照研究[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 469-476.

Junxiao Ren, Luqiao Pu, Zhihao Wang, Hongxin Shi, Aifeng Liu, Baochuang Qi, Yongqing Xu, Chuan Li. Comparative study of clinical efficacy of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(04): 469-476.

目的

本研究旨在探讨机器人辅助全膝关节置换术(RTKA)与传统全膝关节置换术(TKA)的临床疗效。

方法

采用回顾性分析研究方法,收集2021年1月至2022年8月在解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院接受RTKA组和TKA组的156例患者。纳入年龄40~80岁,膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的KOA并接受单侧TKA或者RTKA的患者;排除处于妊娠期、伴有严重的屈曲畸形(畸形角度>20°)及严重内外翻畸形(畸形角度>20°)、手术区域伴有其他金属植入物、存在活动性感染灶以及合并严重的系统性疾病患者。使用卡方检验比较两组、独立样本t检验或者独立样本秩和检验比较两组患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、骨关节炎病程、手术侧别以及手术前后膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)静息及运动评分、特种外科医院骨关节炎评分(HSS)、美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(WOMAC)骨关节炎指数的疼痛、僵硬、功能评分及髋-膝-踝角(HKA)偏移等资料的差异。

结果

RTKA组的手术时间(101±13)min高于TKA组(67±10)min,术中出血量RTKA组(261±49)ml较TKA组(371±81)ml低,术后住院时间RTKA组3(3,3)d较TKA组4(3,5)d短,差异有统计学意义(t=18.251,P<0.05;t=-10.543,P<0.05;Z=-6.036,P<0.05)。RTKA组术前的功能指标[HSS评分(52.4±2.6)、KSS评分(57.3±4.5)和WOMAC评分(50.0±5.0)]对比TKA组[HSS评分(52.2±3.5)、KSS评分(56.5±4.4)和WOMAC评分(50.5±4.4)],差异无统计学意义(t=-0.433,P>0.05;t=1.170,P>0.05;t=-0.768,P>0.05)。RTKA组在术后6个月的功能评价指标[HSS评分(88.0±2.3)、KSS评分(83.3±6.8)和WOMAC评分(84.1±4.8)]均高于TKA组[HSS评分(85.0±3.0)、KSS评分(80.4±6.4)和WOMAC评分(80.3±5.0)],差异有统计学意义(t=6.940、2.682、4.729,均为P<0.05)。术后6个月RTKA组的影像学指标[股骨远端外角(mLDFA)(86.0±1.8)°、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)(87.1±2.1)°、关节线汇聚角(JLCA)(2.0±0.5)°和髋-膝-踝角(HKA)偏移程度(1.9±0.6)°]优于TKA组[mLDFA(85.2±3.2)°、MPTA(85.5±3.4)°、JLCA(2.7±0.7)°和HKA偏移程度(2.9±0.7)°],差异有统计学意义(t=2.098、4.163、-7.082、-9.335,均为P<0.05)。

结论

机器人辅助全膝关节置换术是一种安全、有效、可行的新技术,值得在临床上推广和应用。

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted total knee replacement (RTKA) versus conventional total knee replacement (TKA).

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to collect 156 patients in RTKA group and TKA group at 920th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force from January 2021 to August 2022. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 40 to 80 years with knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) scale Ⅲ to Ⅳ who received unilateral TKA or RTKA. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, severe flexion deformity (deformity >20°) and severe inversion deformity (deformity >20°), presence of other metal implants in the surgical area, active infection, and severe systemic disease. Chi square test, independent sample t test or independent sample rank sum test were used to compare the data between the two groups, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), duration of osteoarthritis, surgical side, resting and exercise scores of visual analogue scale ( VAS) before and after surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS)osteoarthritis score, American Knee Society score (KSS), pain, stiffness and function scores of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and shifting of hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA).

Results

The operation time of the RTKA group was (101±13) min longer than (67±10) min of the TKA group. The intraoperative blood loss of the RTKA group was (261±49) ml less than (371±81) ml of the TKA group, the length of hospital stay after operation in the RTKA group were 3(3, 3)d, which were shorter than 4(3, 5) d of the TKA group. The differences were statistically significant (t=18.251, -10.543, Z=-6.036, all P<0.05). Preoperative functional indicators of RTKA group [HSS score (52.4±2.6), KSS score (57.3±4.5) and WOMAC score (50.0±5.0)] and TKA group [HSS score (52.2±3.5), KSS score (56.5±4.4) and WOMAC score (50.5±4.4)] showed no statistically significant difference (t=-0.433, 1.170, -0.768, all P>0.05). The functional evaluation indices of RTKA group [HSS score (88.0±2.3), KSS score (83.3±6.8) and WOMAC score (84.1±4.8)] at six months after operation were higher than those of TKA group [HSS score(85.0±3.0), KSS score(80.4±6.4)and WOMAC score(80.3±5.0)]. The differences were statistically significant (t=6.940, 2.682 , 4.729, all P<0.05). Six months after operation, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) (86.0±1.8) °, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) (87.1±2.1) °, joint line convergence angle (JLCA) (2.0±0.5) ° and HKA deviation (1.9±0.6) ° in RTKA group were better than those in the TKA group [mLDFA (85.2±3.2)°, MPTA (85.5±3.4)°, JLCA(2.7±0.7)° and HKA deviation (2.9±0.7)°]. The differences were statistically significant (t=2.098, 4.163, -7.082, -9.335, all P<0.05).

Conclusion

RTKA is a safe, effective and feasible new technique, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinic.

表1 两组一般资料
Table 1 General information of the two groups
表2 两组手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院天数
Table 2 Operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospitalization days of the two groups
表3 两组HSS、KSS和WOMAC评分()
Table 3 HSS, KSS and WOMAC scores of the two groups
表4 两组LDFA、MPTA、JLCA、HKA偏移程度对比[°,()]
Table 4 Comparison of the offset of LDFA, MPTA, JLCA and HKA between the two groups
图1 典型病例术前及术中术后情况。图A患者术前站立位双下肢全场片,示左膝关节内翻畸形约14.1°;图B机器人辅助全膝关节置换术术中图片;图C术后6个月站立位左下肢全长片测量左侧HKA(髋-膝-踝角)为179.7°;图D术后6个月站立位左下肢全长片测量左侧股骨远端外侧角为89.3°;图F术后6个月站立位左下肢全长片测量左侧胫骨近端内侧角度87.5°
Figure 1 Typical cases before and after operation. A is full-length X ray image of both lower limbs in standing position before surgery,showing left knee with varus deformity of 14.1° ; B is image during robot-assisted total knee replacement surgery; C is full- length X ray image of left lower limb in standing position at six months after surgery, showing that the left HKA(hip-knee-ankle angle) was 179.7°; D is part of the full- length X ray image of left lower limb in standing position at six months after surgery, showing that the lateral angle of the left femur distal was 89.3°; E is part of full- length X ray image of left lower limb in standing position at six months after surgery, showing that the left medial proximal tibia angle was 87.5°
图2 RTKA术中截骨安全区示意图 注:上图为RTKA术中截骨安全区保护功能,电动摆锯片到达绿色线条边界时动力会自动停止工作
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of osteotomy safety zone during RTKA Note: The above picture shows the osteotomy safety zone protection function during RTKA. The power will automatically stop working when the electric swinging saw blade reaches the green line boundary
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