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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 291 -298. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2026.03.005

临床论著

全髋关节置换矫正髋关节发育不良骨盆倾斜和下肢不等长
孙鹏1,2, 李强强1,2, 张雨1,2, 陈东阳1,2, 蒋青1,2,()   
  1. 1 210008 南京医科大学附属鼓楼临床医学院运动医学与成人重建外科
    2 210008 南京,国家骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心分中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-06-01
  • 通信作者: 蒋青

Total hip arthroplasty for correction of pelvic obliquity and leg length discrepancy in developmental dysplasia of hip

Peng Sun1,2, Qiangqiang Li1,2, Yu Zhang1,2, Dongyang Chen1,2, Qiang Jiang1,2,()   

  1. 1 Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
    2 Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2025-12-30 Published:2026-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Qiang Jiang
引用本文:

孙鹏, 李强强, 张雨, 陈东阳, 蒋青. 全髋关节置换矫正髋关节发育不良骨盆倾斜和下肢不等长[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 291-298.

Peng Sun, Qiangqiang Li, Yu Zhang, Dongyang Chen, Qiang Jiang. Total hip arthroplasty for correction of pelvic obliquity and leg length discrepancy in developmental dysplasia of hip[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 291-298.

目的

探讨直接前入路(DAA)全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)患者双下肢不等长和骨盆倾斜的矫正效果并分析影响改善的相关因素。

方法

回顾性分析2018年1月至2024年6月期间在南京鼓楼医院接受DAA-THA治疗的111例CroweⅠ~Ⅳ型DDH患者的临床资料。纳入符合DDH诊断标准、首次行单侧DAA-THA且影像学资料完整的患者;排除既往腰椎或患侧髋关节手术史、严重创伤、合并其他影响骨盆及下肢力线疾病者。其中患者年龄42~84岁,身体质量指数(BMI)18.7~34.0 kg/m2。左侧50例(45.0%)、右侧61例(55.0%)。其中Crowe Ⅰ型89例(80.2%),Ⅱ型15例(13.5%),Ⅲ型5例(4.5%),Ⅳ型2例(1.8%)。采用双髋关节正位片测量双下肢不等长(LLD)、骨盆倾斜(PO)及骶骨-股骨头-耻骨角(SFP角),比较术前与末次随访变化,并根据Crowe分型进行亚组分析。采用配对和独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验及多元线性回归分析评价矫正效果及其影响因素。

结果

所有患者均获得随访,随访时间中位数2.0(0,6.0)个月。患者年龄(60±11)岁,BMI为(25±5)kg/m2,病程数84(36,120)个月。术后LLD由9.0(5.3,17.3)mm降至7.9(3.6,12.8)mm(Z=-3.874,P<0.001);PO角由2.5(1.7,4.2)°降至2.3(1.2,4.2)°(Z=-2.294,P=0.022);SFP角由62.0(58.0,64.9)°增至67.2(63.1,71.8)°(Z=-8.358,P<0.001)。CroweⅠ~Ⅱ型患者手术前后LLD改善值为4.25(-2.93,8.70)mm,PO角改善值为0.40(-1.00,1.80)°;Crowe Ⅲ~Ⅳ型患者手术前后LLD改善值为11.73(3.31,29.60)mm,PO角改善值为1.90(0.10,2.70)°;两组间差异无统计学意义(U=231.0、263.0,均为P>0.05)。多元线性回归分析提示术前LLD是LLD改善值的唯一独立预测因素[β=0.867,95%置信区间(CI)(0.723,1.010),P<0.001];术中出血量[β=-0.104,95% CI(-0.198,-0.010),P=0.030]和BMI[β=0.156,95% CI(0.046,0.266),P=0.006]与PO角改善相关。在SFP角改善模型中,术前SFP角[β=-0.241,95% CI(-0.428,0.055),P=0.012]及Crowe分型[β=0.296,95% CI(0.110,0.481),P=0.002]为独立预测因素。

结论

DAA-THA可有效改善DDH患者的双下肢不等长及矢状面倾斜,但冠状面骨盆倾斜仅呈改善趋势,差异无统计学意义。Crowe Ⅲ~Ⅳ型在SFP角改善方面较Ⅰ~Ⅱ型更为明显,但其骨盆矢状面代偿改善仍需进一步验证。术前LLD是LLD矫正的唯一独立预测因素;PO角矫正受术前PO角、BMI及术中出血量影响;SFP角矫正与术前SFP角及Crowe分型相关。DAA入路在DDH患者中具有良好的短期影像学矫正效果,但其长期疗效及不同手术入路之间的差异仍需进一步大样本研究验证。

Objective

To evaluate the corrective effect of direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DAA-THA) on leg length discrepancy (LLD) and pelvic obliquity (PO) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to analyze the factors influencing improvement.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 111 patients with DDH of Crowe typeⅠ-Ⅳ who underwent unilateral DAA-THA in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2018 and June 2024. Inclusion criteria: radiologically confirmed DDH, primary unilateral DAA-THA, and complete imaging data. Patients with hip or lumbar surgery history, severe trauma, or other conditions affecting pelvic or lower limb alignment were excluded. The cohort included patients aged 42-84 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.7 to 34.0 kg/m2; 50 cases were left-sided (45.0%) and 61 were right-sided (55.0%). According to Crowe classification, 89 cases were type Ⅰ (80.2%), 15 cases of type Ⅱ (13.5%), five cases of type Ⅲ (4.5%), and two cases of type Ⅳ (1.8%). LLD, PO, and sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle were measured on standardized anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. Data before and after operation were compared, and subgroup analyses were performed according to Crowe classification. Statistical analyses included paired t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate linear regression.

Results

All the patients were followed for 2.0 (0, 6.0) months. The mean age was (60±11) years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was (25±5) kg/m2. Median disease duration was 84 (36, 120) months. After surgery, LLD decreased from 9.0 (5.3, 17.3) mm to 7.9 (3.6, 12.8) mm (Z=−3.874, P<0.001). PO decreased from 2.5 (1.7, 4.2)° to 2.3 (1.2, 4.2)° (Z=−2.294, P=0.022). The SFP angle increased from 62.0 (58.0, 64.9)° to 67.2 (63.1, 71.8)° (Z=−8.358, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, the LLD change was 4.25 (−2.93, 8.70) mm in the patients of Crowe typeⅠ-Ⅱ and 11.73 (3.31, 29.60) mm in the patients of Crowe type Ⅲ-Ⅳ, while PO change was 0.40 (−1.00, 1.80)° in Crowe typeⅠ-Ⅱ and 1.90 (0.10, 2.70)° in Crowe type Ⅲ-Ⅳ, none of the difference was statistically significant (U=231.0, 263.0, both P>0.05). Multivariate regression showed that preoperative LLD was an independent predictor of LLD correction [β=0.867, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.723, 1.010), P<0.001]. In the PO model, intraoperative blood loss [β=−0.104, 95% CI (−0.198, −0.010), P=0.030] and BMI [β=0.156, 95% CI (0.046, 0.266), P=0.006] were significant predictors. In the SFP model, preoperative SFP angle (β=−0.241, 95% CI (−0.428, 0.055), P=0.012) and Crowe classification [β=0.296, 95% CI (0.110, 0.481), P=0.002] were independently associated with improvement.

Conclusions

DAA-THA effectively improves LLD and sagittal pelvic alignment in DDH. However, correction of PO shows a improvement trend with no statistically significant difference. DDH of Crowe type Ⅲ-Ⅳ demonstrates greater improvement in SFP angle compared with Crowe typeⅠ-Ⅱ. Preoperative LLD is the primary predictor of LLD correction, while PO correction is influenced by preoperative PO, BMI, and intraoperative blood loss. SFP angle improvement is associated with preoperative SFP angle and Crowe classification. DAA-THA provides favorable short-term radiographic outcomes, but further large-scale studies with longer follow-up are required to confirm long-term efficacy.

图1 DDH(发育性髋关节发育不良)患者术前与术后骨盆正位X线影像。图A为术前影像显示股骨头与髋臼的明显错位,PO(骨盆倾斜)角度较大,且存在LLD(下肢长度差异);图B为术后影像,成功行DAA-THA(直接前入路全髋关节置换)手术后,股骨头与髋臼复位,骨盆倾斜角减小,LLD得到改善
Figure 1 Anteroposterior radiographs of pelvis with DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) before and after the surgery. A is preoperative image showing marked displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum, a large PO (pelvic obliquity) angle, and LLD (leg length discrepancy); B is postoperative image after successful DAA-THA (direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty), demonstrating reduction of the femoral head into the acetabulum, decreased PO angle, and improvement of LLD
表1 CroweⅠ~Ⅱ型与Ⅲ~Ⅳ型DDH患者一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between DDH patients of Crowe type Ⅰ-Ⅱ and type Ⅲ-Ⅳ
表2 CroweⅠ~Ⅱ型与Ⅲ~Ⅳ型DDH患者手术相关资料对比
Table 2 Comparison of operative data between DDH patients of Crowe type Ⅰ-Ⅱ and type Ⅲ-Ⅳ
表3 患者影像学参数改善效果[n=111,MP25P75)]
Table 3 Radiographic parameter improvement in the patients
表4 CroweⅠ~Ⅱ型与Ⅲ~Ⅳ型DDH患者随访影像学改善情况比较
Table 4 Comparison of radiographic improvement between DDH patients of Crowe type Ⅰ-Ⅱ and type Ⅲ-Ⅳduring follow-up
表5 多元线性回归分析预测影响DDH患者矫正效果的因素
Table 5 Multivariate linear regression analysis of factors predicting correction outcomes in DDH patients
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