初次全膝置换术后孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓的预后研究

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2022.05.005

中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (05) : 555 -561. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2022.05.005

临床论著

初次全膝置换术后孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓的预后研究

唐一仑¹, 陈媛媛¹, 徐燕², 宋金辉¹, 张笑³, 孙露⁴, 杨佩¹^,^†(

)

^1. 710061　西安交通大学第二附属医院骨科
^2. 710061　西安交通大学第二附属医院血液科
^3. 710061　西安交通大学第二附属医院手术麻醉科
^4. 710061　西安交通大学第二附属医院超声影像科

收稿日期:2022-08-11 出版日期:2022-10-01
通信作者: 杨佩
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2019JM-511)

Prognosis of isolated muscular calf vein thrombosis after primary knee arthroplasty

Yilun Tang¹, Yuanyuan Chen¹, Yan Xu², Jinhui Song¹, Xiao Zhang³, Lu Sun⁴, Pei Yang¹^,^†()

^1. Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an 710061, China
^2. Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an 710061, China
^3. Department of surgery and anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an 710061, China
^4. Department Ultrasound imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an 710061, China

Received:2022-08-11 Published:2022-10-01
Corresponding author: Pei Yang

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引用本文：

唐一仑, 陈媛媛, 徐燕, 宋金辉, 张笑, 孙露, 杨佩. 初次全膝置换术后孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓的预后研究[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(05): 555-561.

Yilun Tang, Yuanyuan Chen, Yan Xu, Jinhui Song, Xiao Zhang, Lu Sun, Pei Yang. Prognosis of isolated muscular calf vein thrombosis after primary knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(05): 555-561.

目的

回顾性分析初次全膝关节置换术后孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓形成患者，经两种抗凝方案处理后的预后情况及并发症情况，比较这两种抗凝方案的有效性及安全性。

方法

收集2017年1月至2021年11月在西安交通大学第二附属医院初次全膝关节置换术后诊断为孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓形成的患者，排除既往长期使用抗凝药物、有血栓病史、术前合并血栓、术后合并下肢其他部位深静脉血栓或确诊肺栓塞、有高出血风险不能使用抗凝药物、或对利伐沙班存在使用禁忌的患者。根据抗凝药物使用时限不同分为两组：3个月抗凝组(抗凝时限3个月)和6周抗凝组(抗凝时限6周)，两组均口服利伐沙班20 mg 1次/d。所有病人均随访6个月，时间点为治疗后1、2、6、12和24周，观察血栓的转归情况、伤口及并发症情况。比较这两种抗凝方案对孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓的有效性和安全性。计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验，计数资料采用卡方检验分析。

结果

顺利完成随访患者共215例。抗凝3个月组与抗凝6周组相比，两组转归情况结局相似(P>0.05)。经抗凝治疗6周后血栓近端蔓延发生率随着时间延长而降低，血栓溶解率渐升高。6周抗凝组出血发生率低于3个月抗凝组，但两组间差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)；两组的不良切口发生率分别为4.1%、6.5%，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

初次全膝关节置换术后发生孤立性小腿肌间静脉血栓的患者，抗凝6周可能已经有足够的有效性和安全性，不需要进行3个月的抗凝。

关键词: 关节成形术，置换, 静脉血栓形成, 治疗学

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the prognosis and complications of patients with isolated calf intermuscular venous thrombosis after primary total knee arthroplasty, and to compare the efficacy and safety of the two anticoagulation regimens.

Methods

From January 2017 to November 2021, patients diagnosed with isolated calf intermuscular venous thrombosis after primary total knee arthroplasty in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University were collected.The patients with long-term use of anticoagulants, history of thrombosis, preoperative thrombosis, postoperative deep vein thrombosis in other parts of the lower extremities or with confirmed pulmonary embolism, the patients with high hemorrage risk but could not use anticoagulants or contraindicated to use rivaroxaban were excluded. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of anticoagulants: the three-month anticoagulant group, anticoagulant duration were three months; the six-week anticoagulant group, anticoagulant duration were six weeks. Both the groups were given rivaroxaban 20 mg, one time per day. All the patients were followed up for six months in one, two, six, 12 and 24 weeks after the treatment. The outcome of thrombosis, wound and complications were observed and analysed to compare the efficacy and safety of these two anticoagulant regimens for isolated calf intermuscular venous thrombosis. Independent sample t test was used for the measurement data comparison between the two groups, and chi square test was used for enumeration data.

Results

A total of 215 patients were successfully followed up. There was no statistically significant difference in the prognosis between the two groups (P>0.05). It could be seen from the outcome data of the two groups that the incidence of proximal thrombosis spread decreased with the prolongation of time after six-week anticoagulation treatment, and the thrombolysis rate increased gradually. The incidence of hemorrage in the six-week anticoagulation group was lower than that in the three-month anticoagulation group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of wound complications in the two groups was 4.1% and 6.5% respectively, yet the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusion

For patients with isolated calf intermuscular venous thrombosis after primary total knee arthroplasty, six weeks of anticoagulation may be effective and safe, and three months of anticoagulation is not necessary.

Key words: Arthroplasty, Venous thrombosis, Therapeutics

表1 初次TKA患者一般资料

分组	例数	年龄[岁，(±s)]	性别[例(%)]		BMI[kg/m²，(±s)]	合并糖尿病[例(%)]
分组	例数	年龄[岁，(±s)]	男	女	BMI[kg/m²，(±s)]	合并糖尿病[例(%)]
3个月组	93	69±17	44(47.3)	49(52.7)	24±5	14(15.1)
6周组	122	68±14	60(49.2)	62(50.8)	23±3	20(16.4)
统计值		t＝1.112	χ²＝0.074		t＝1.182	χ²＝0.071
P值		>0.05	>0.05		>0.05	>0.05
分组	例数	合并高血压[例(%)]	合并高血脂[例(%)]	长期卧床[例(%)]	伴下肢症状[例(%)]
3个月组	93	16(17.2)	17(18.3)	29(31.2)	33(35.5)
6周组	122	22(18.0)	23(18.9)	41(33.6)	47(38.5)
统计值		χ²＝0.025	χ²＝0.011	χ²＝0.141	χ²＝0.209
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

表1 初次TKA患者一般资料

分组	例数	年龄[岁，(±s)]	性别[例(%)]		BMI[kg/m²，(±s)]	合并糖尿病[例(%)]
分组	例数	年龄[岁，(±s)]	男	女	BMI[kg/m²，(±s)]	合并糖尿病[例(%)]
3个月组	93	69±17	44(47.3)	49(52.7)	24±5	14(15.1)
6周组	122	68±14	60(49.2)	62(50.8)	23±3	20(16.4)
统计值		t＝1.112	χ²＝0.074		t＝1.182	χ²＝0.071
P值		>0.05	>0.05		>0.05	>0.05
分组	例数	合并高血压[例(%)]	合并高血脂[例(%)]	长期卧床[例(%)]	伴下肢症状[例(%)]
3个月组	93	16(17.2)	17(18.3)	29(31.2)	33(35.5)
6周组	122	22(18.0)	23(18.9)	41(33.6)	47(38.5)
统计值		χ²＝0.025	χ²＝0.011	χ²＝0.141	χ²＝0.209
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

表2 两组患者IMCVT预后随访结果比较[例(%)]

随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
1周	3个月组	10(10.8)	61(65.6)	22(23.6)	0
	6周组	15(12.3)	76(62.3)	31(25.4)	0
	χ²值	0.264			－
	P值	>0.05			－
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
2周	3个月组	19(20.4)	55(59.1)	19(20.4)	1(1.1)
	6周组	28(23.0)	68(55.7)	26(21.3)	2(1.6)
	χ²值	0.280			0.122
	P值	>0.05			>0.05
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
6周	3个月组	46(49.5)	40(43.0)	7(7.5)	1(1.1)
	6周组	53(43.4)	57(46.7)	12(9.8)	3(2.5)
	χ²值	0.895			0.553
	P值	>0.05			>0.05
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
12周	3个月组	66(71.0)	25(26.9)	2(2.1)	0
	6周组	84(68.9)	34(27.9)	4(3.2)	0
	χ²值	0.293			－
	P值	0.864			－
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
24周	3个月组	68(73.1)	24(25.8)	1(1.1)	0
	6周组	90(73.8)	29(23.8)	3(2.4)	0
	χ²值	0.635			－
	P值	>0.05			－

表2 两组患者IMCVT预后随访结果比较[例(%)]

随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
1周	3个月组	10(10.8)	61(65.6)	22(23.6)	0
	6周组	15(12.3)	76(62.3)	31(25.4)	0
	χ²值	0.264			－
	P值	>0.05			－
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
2周	3个月组	19(20.4)	55(59.1)	19(20.4)	1(1.1)
	6周组	28(23.0)	68(55.7)	26(21.3)	2(1.6)
	χ²值	0.280			0.122
	P值	>0.05			>0.05
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
6周	3个月组	46(49.5)	40(43.0)	7(7.5)	1(1.1)
	6周组	53(43.4)	57(46.7)	12(9.8)	3(2.5)
	χ²值	0.895			0.553
	P值	>0.05			>0.05
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
12周	3个月组	66(71.0)	25(26.9)	2(2.1)	0
	6周组	84(68.9)	34(27.9)	4(3.2)	0
	χ²值	0.293			－
	P值	0.864			－
随访时间	分组	IMCVT预后			肺栓塞
随访时间	分组	溶解吸收	稳定	近端蔓延	肺栓塞
24周	3个月组	68(73.1)	24(25.8)	1(1.1)	0
	6周组	90(73.8)	29(23.8)	3(2.4)	0
	χ²值	0.635			－
	P值	>0.05			－

表3 两组出血及伤口情况比较

分组	例数	大出血事件1[例(%)]	大出血事件2[例(%)]	其他出血事件[例(%)]	术后引流量[ml，(±s)]	拆线时间[d，(±s)]	不良切口发生率[例(%)]
3个月组	93	9(9.7 )	5(5.4)	15(16.1)	159.1±137.9	12.5±2.0	6(6.5)
6周组	122	12(9.8)	4(3.3)	12(9.8)	147.4±166.0	12.0±1.5	5(4.1)
统计值		χ²＝0.002	χ²＝0.579	χ²＝1.903	t＝1.378	t＝1.189	χ²＝0.602
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

表3 两组出血及伤口情况比较

分组	例数	大出血事件1[例(%)]	大出血事件2[例(%)]	其他出血事件[例(%)]	术后引流量[ml，(±s)]	拆线时间[d，(±s)]	不良切口发生率[例(%)]
3个月组	93	9(9.7 )	5(5.4)	15(16.1)	159.1±137.9	12.5±2.0	6(6.5)
6周组	122	12(9.8)	4(3.3)	12(9.8)	147.4±166.0	12.0±1.5	5(4.1)
统计值		χ²＝0.002	χ²＝0.579	χ²＝1.903	t＝1.378	t＝1.189	χ²＝0.602
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

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Prognosis of isolated muscular calf vein thrombosis after primary knee arthroplasty

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Prognosis of isolated muscular calf vein thrombosis after primary knee arthroplasty