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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (04) : 457 -468. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2024.04.005

临床论著

超声引导下周围神经阻滞对髋膝关节置换术后恢复的影响
赵飞鸿1, 陈颖杰2, 林静芳2, 郑晓春2, 廖燕凌2,()   
  1. 1. 350000 福州,福建医科大学基础医学院麻醉系
    2. 350000 福州,福建医科大学省立临床医学院麻醉教研室,福建省立医院麻醉科
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25 出版日期:2024-08-01
  • 通信作者: 廖燕凌
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2022J01407); 福建省科技创新联合资金项目(2023Y9309); 福建医科大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(C2024116)

Effect of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block on postoperative recovery following total hip or knee arthroplasty

Feihong Zhao1, Yingjie Chen2, Jingfang Lin2, Xiaochun Zheng2, Yanling Liao2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
    2. Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
  • Received:2024-03-25 Published:2024-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Yanling Liao
引用本文:

赵飞鸿, 陈颖杰, 林静芳, 郑晓春, 廖燕凌. 超声引导下周围神经阻滞对髋膝关节置换术后恢复的影响[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 457-468.

Feihong Zhao, Yingjie Chen, Jingfang Lin, Xiaochun Zheng, Yanling Liao. Effect of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block on postoperative recovery following total hip or knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(04): 457-468.

目的

探究超声引导下周围神经阻滞(PNB)对择期全髋、膝关节置换术患者术后恢复的影响。

方法

数据来源于福建省立医院2012年1月至2021年12月期间首次接受择期全髋或全膝关节置换术的患者,排除非首次进行THA或TKA患者及术后失访或拒绝随访的患者。根据患者是否接受超声引导下PNB,将患者分为PNB组和非PNB组。通过倾向性评分匹配(PSM)使潜在的混杂因素均衡,并使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析PSM后两组术后90 d和1年的全因死亡率,使用卡方检验分析PSM后两组术后并发症的差异。此外,建立 logistic回归模型,评估周围神经阻滞与术后并发症的关系。

结果

本研究共纳入1 328例全髋、膝关节置换术患者,其中197例患者接受了超声引导下PNB。通过1∶1 PSM后,成功完成197例配对。与非PNB组的患者相比,接受PNB的患者术后90 d内的全因死亡率显著降低(0% vs 2.5%,χ2=5.046,P=0.025)。此外,PNB组与肺部并发症[优势比(OR)=0.430,95%置信区间(95%CI)(0.216,0.857),P=0.033]以及下肢深静脉血栓形成[OR=0.103,95%CI(0.011,0.954),P=0.042]的风险降低有关。

结论

超声引导下周围神经阻滞可显著降低全髋、膝关节置换术患者术后肺部并发症和下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险,同时与较低的90 d全因死亡率相关。

Objective

To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block (PNB) on postoperative recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Data were collected from the patients who underwent primary THA or TKA from January2012 to December 2021 in Fujian Provincial Hospital. The patients who were not primary THA or TKA and those who were lost during follow-up or refused to follow up after surgery were excluded. The enrolled patients were divided into PNB and non-PNB groups based on whether they accepted ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block (PNB). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to account for the baseline differences between two groups that were accepted to PNB or not, and postoperativeall-cause mortality at 90 d and one year of the two groups after PSM was also analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and the difference in postoperative complications of the two groups after PSM was analyzed using chi square test. In addition, the associations of PNB and the complications were assessed by logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 1 328 patients with THA or TKA were included in this study, of which 197 patients had ultrasound-guided PNB. After 1:1 PSM, 197 matches were successfully completed. Compared with the non-PNB group, patients who accepted PNB had significantly lower all-cause mortality at 90 d after surgery (0% vs 2.5%, χ2=5.046, P=0.025). In addition, the PNB group were associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary complications [odds ratio (OR)=0.430, 95%confidence interval (95%CI) ( 0.216, 0.857), P=0.033] and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis [OR=0.103, 95% CI (0.011, 0.954), P=0.042].

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block significantly reduces the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients with THA or TKA, and is associated with a lower 90-day all-cause mortality.

表1 倾向性评分前人口学特征、手术和基础疾病情况
Table 1 Demographic characteristics, surgical and underlying medical conditions of patients before propensity score matching
表2 倾向性评分前心血管药物使用和术前实验室检查
Table 2 The use of cardiovascular drug and preoperative laboratory tests of patients before propensity score matching
表3 倾向性评分后人口学特征、手术和基础疾病情况
Table 3 Demographic characteristics, surgical information and underlying diseases after propensity score matching
表4 倾向性评分后心血管药物使用和术前实验室数据
Table 4 Cardiovascular drugs and preoperative laboratory data after propensity score matching
图1 术后累积生存率的 Kaplan-Meier 注:红色曲线对应神经阻滞组,蓝色曲线对应非神经阻滞组
Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier plot of postoperative cumulative survival rate Note: the red curve indicates the nerve block group, the blue curve indicates the non-nerve block group.
图2 PNB(外周神经阻滞)对90 d全因死亡率影响的亚组分析的森林图 注:HR-风险比;THA-全髋关节置换术;TKA-全膝关节置换术
Figure 2 Forest plot for subgroup analysis of PNB on 90 d all-cause mortality Note: HR-hazard ratio;THA-total hip arthroplasty; TKA-total knee arthroplasty
表5 次要结局指标比较[例(%)]
Table 5 Comparison of secondary outcomes
组别
Groups
主要心血管不良事件Major cardiovascular adverse events 心肌梗死Myocardial infarction 心力衰竭
Heart failure
心律失常Arrhythmias 术后肺部并发症Respiratory complications 术后肺炎 Pulmonary infections 支气管痉挛Bronchospasm
PNB组
PNB group
5(2.5) 3(1.5) 2(1.0) 2(1.0) 11(5.6) 10(5.1) 0
非PNB组
Non-PNB group
11(5.6) 6(3.0) 3(1.5) 8(4.0) 26(13.2) 23(11.7) 1(0.5)
χ2 0.716 1.010 0.677 2.041 2.309 2.461 1.003
P >0.999 >0.05 >0.05 0.04 0.01 0.02 >0.999
组别
Groups
急性呼吸窘迫综合征ARDS 肺不张Pulmonary atelectasis 低氧血症 Hypoxemia 呼吸功能不全Pulmonary insufficiency 肺栓塞
Pulmonary embolism
泌尿系统并发症Urinary complications 急性肾功能衰竭Acute renal failure
PNB组
PNB group
1(0.5) 0 2(1.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 0
非PNB组
Non-PNB group
0 2(1.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 0 7(3.6) 1(0.5)
χ2 1.003 2.010 0.336 0.336 1.003 2.805 1.003
P >0.999 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.999 >0.05 >0.999
组别
Groups
肾功能不全
Renal dysfunction
尿路感染
Urinary tract infection
脑血管意外事件Cerebrovascular accident 下肢深静脉血栓DVT 入住ICU
ICU admission
30 d重新入院
30 days Readmission
PNB组
PNB group
0 1(0.5) 0 1(0.5) 3(1.5) 1(0.5)
非PNB组
Non-PNB group
2(1.0) 4(2.0) 2(1.0) 6(3.0) 4(2.0) 4(2.0)
χ2 2.010 2.708 2.010 1.309 0.426 2.708
P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
表6 主要系统并发症多因素logistic回归分析[OR(95%CI)]
Table 6 Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of major systemic complications
主要心血管不良事件Majorcardiovascular adverse events 术后肺部并发症Respiratory complications 泌尿系统并发症Urinary complications 下肢深静脉血栓DVT
PNB(参考:非PNB组)PNB (reference: non-PNB) 0.480(0.170,1.340) 0.430(0.216,0.857) 0.080(0.010,1.380) 0.103(0.011,0.954)
P 0.350 0.033 0.108 0.042
手术类型:TKA(参考THA)Type of surgery:TKA (reference: THA) 0.630(0.230,1.730) 0.710(0.350,1.430) 0.740(0.180,3.090) 5.330(1.430,19.850)
P 0.913 0.243 0.962 0.013
麻醉方式:全身麻醉(参考椎管内麻醉)Type of anesthesia:General anesthesia (reference: spinal anesthesia) 2.610(1.040,6.550) 0.880(0.390,1.990) 1.100(0.260,4.690) 1.140(0.200,6.420)
P 0.044 0.604 0.825 0.996
性别:女性(参考男性)Gender: female (reference: male) 0.900(0.350,2.290) 0.980(0.530,1.810) 0.560(0.150,2.100) 1.560(0.490,5.980)
P 0.726 0.592 0.988 0.994
ASA分级:3~4(参考:1-2)ASA PS: 3-4 (reference: 1-2) 1.280(0.540,3.030) 1.140(0.640,2.030) 0.980(0.300,3.200) 2.210(0.680,7.260)
P 0.976 0.205 0.383 0.739
年龄≥ 65岁(参考:年龄<65岁)Age≥ 65 years (reference: Age < 65 years) 6.350(1.380,29.140) 1.820(0.960,3.460) 3.480(0.640,18.910) 1.570(0.370,6.590)
P 0.036 0.052 0.995 0.610
基础合并症(参考:无)Comorbidities (reference: no comorbidities)
高血压Hypertension 1.910(0.800,4.560) 0.730(0.390,1.360) 1.820(0.540,6.120) 0.510(0.150,1.770)
P 0.743 0.347 0.697 >0.999
糖尿病 Diabetes 0.820(0.210,3.150) 0.710(0.250,2.030) 0.110(0.010,1.760) 0.510(0.070,3.610)
P 0.466 0.685 0.997 0.185
实验室基线结果Baseline laboratory results
血红蛋白Hemoglobin 1.010(0.980,1.050) 1.010(0.990,1.030) 0.990(0.950,1.030) 0.960(0.930,1.000)
P 0.108 0.935 0.243 0.393
肌酐Creatinine 1.000(0.990,1.010) 1.000(1.000,1.010) 1.010(1.000,1.020) 1.000(0.990,1.010)
P 0.623 0.194 0.957 0.663
白蛋白Albumin 0.960(0.880,1.040) 0.941(0.894,0.991) 0.909(0.836,0.988) 1.130(0.980,1.300)
P 0.101 0.046 0.286 0.944
空腹血糖Fasting blood glucose 1.150(0.950,1.410) 1.180(1.020,1.350) 1.240(0.950,1.610) 1.380(1.060,1.790)
P 0.249 0.193 0.977 0.955
AUC 0.800 0.700 0.850 0.830
图3 完整数据1∶2倾向性评分匹配后术后累积生存率的 Kaplan-Meier 注:红色曲线对应神经阻滞组,蓝色曲线对应非神经阻滞组
Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier plot of postoperative cumulative survival rate aftercomplete data 1:2 propensity scorematching Note: The red curve indicates the nerve block group, the blue curve indicates the non-nerve block group
表7 1:2倾向性评分后人口学特征、手术和基础疾病情况
Table 7 Demographic characteristics, surgical information and underlying diseases after 1:2 propensity score matching
表8 1:2 倾向性评分后心血管药物使用和术前实验室数据
Table 8 Cardiovascular drugs and preoperative laboratory data after 1:2 propensity score matching
图4 PNB(外周神经阻滞)对术后肺部并发症影响的亚组分析森林图
Figure 4 Forest plot for subgroup analysis of PNB on postoperative pulmonary complications
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