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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 486 -493. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.04.011

综述

内侧半月板后根部撕裂诊治进展
陈明亮1,2,3, 王颉1,2,3, 谷成毅1,2,3, 周游1,2,3,()   
  1. 1443001 宜昌,三峡大学附属仁和医院骨科
    2443001 宜昌,三峡大学运动医学研究所
    3443001 宜昌市运动损伤与修复临床医学研究中
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 出版日期:2025-08-01
  • 通信作者: 周游
  • 基金资助:
    宜昌市基础研究项目(A24-2-042); 湖北省自然科学基金联合基金项目(JCZRLH202500701)

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of medial meniscus posterior root tears

Mingliang Chen1,2,3, Jie Wang1,2,3, Chengyi Gu1,2,3, You Zhou1,2,3,()   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Renhe Hospital Of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443001, China
    2Sports Medicine Research Institute Of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443001, China
    3Clinical Medicine Research Center of Yichang Sports Injury And Repair, Yichang 443001, China
  • Received:2024-12-06 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: You Zhou
引用本文:

陈明亮, 王颉, 谷成毅, 周游. 内侧半月板后根部撕裂诊治进展[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 486-493.

Mingliang Chen, Jie Wang, Chengyi Gu, You Zhou. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of medial meniscus posterior root tears[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 486-493.

内侧半月板后根部撕裂(MMRPT)是指在内侧半月板根部止点1 cm内的放射状撕裂或止点的撕脱。当内侧半月板发生该种损伤后,可出现半月板外突,软骨压力增加,同时半月板失去将轴向压力转换为环形压力的能力,使膝关节发生迅速退变,然而准确地诊断内侧半月板根部损伤存在一定困难。为了能够最大限度的保留膝关节的功能,应采用半月板修复术替代传统的半月板全切术。内侧半月板后根部撕裂缝合修复时主要有两种修复方式:穿胫骨固定和锚钉固定。两种手术方式各有特点,国内外文献已对内侧半月板根部损伤的治疗方法作了大量的报道,但这些方法能否阻止或延缓膝关节骨关节炎的发生仍存在争议。本文将对内侧半月板后根部损伤的诊治进展作一综述。

Medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) is a radial tear or avulsion within one centimetre of the medial meniscus root point. When this type of injury occurs in the medial meniscus, there may be a meniscus extrusion and increased cartilage pressure, while the meniscus will lose its ability to convert axial pressure to circumferential pressure, resulting in rapid degeneration of the knee joint. However, accurately diagnosing injuries to the root of the medial meniscus presents certain challenges. To maximize the preservation of knee joint function, meniscus repair surgery should be preferred over traditional meniscectomy. There are primarily two repair approaches for suturing tears in the posterior root of the medial meniscus: transtibial pullout repair and anchor repair. Numerous reports have been published in domestic and international literature on the treatment of medial meniscus root injuries. However, there is still controversy over whether these methods can prevent or delay the onset of knee osteoarthritis. The article reviewed the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of MMPRT.

图1 左膝关节MRI及关节镜下所见。图A为膝关节冠状面MRI,箭头示不连续征或长颈鹿颈征;图B为膝关节矢状面MRI,箭头示幽灵征;图C为膝关节横断面MRI,箭头示裂隙征;图D为左膝关节镜下所见,箭头示半月板后根撕裂
Figure 1 Left knee joint MRI and findings under arthroscope. A is coronal view of knee MRI, arrow showing the continuous signs or giraffe neck sign; B is the sagittal plane of knee MRI, arrow showing a ghost sign; C is the transverse plane of knee MRI, arrow showing a cleft sign; D is image under arthroscope, arrow showing posterior root tear of the meniscus
表1 LaPrade[11]的MMPRT分型
Table 1 MMPRT classification by LaPrade[11]
表2 Kim[12]的MMPRT分型
Table 2 MMPRT classification by Kim[12]
表3 穿胫骨固定技术和锚钉修复技术的优势与不足
Table 3 Advantages and disadvantages of transtibial pullout repair and suture anchor repair techniques
表4 MMPRT修复的随访结果的研究
Table 4 Follow-up results of MMPRT repairs
表5 MMPRT修复生物力学研究
Table 5 MMPRT repair biomechanical studies
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