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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06) : 664 -669. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2022.06.003

临床论著

保留后上支持动脉的股方肌骨瓣治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究
徐永清1,(), 浦路桥1, 李川1, 单长蒙1, 浦绍全1, 王腾1, 林玮1, 蔡兴博1, 李霞1   
  1. 1. 650032 昆明,解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-09 出版日期:2022-12-01
  • 通信作者: 徐永清
  • 基金资助:
    云南省骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心(202102AA310068)

Clinical study of femoral head necrosis treated with quadratus femoris-bone flap retaining posterior superior supporting artery

Yongqing Xu1,(), Luqiao Pu1, Chuan Li1, Changmeng Shan1, Shaoquan Pu1, Teng Wang1, Wei Lin1, Xingbo Cai1, Xia Li1   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
  • Received:2022-04-09 Published:2022-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Yongqing Xu
引用本文:

徐永清, 浦路桥, 李川, 单长蒙, 浦绍全, 王腾, 林玮, 蔡兴博, 李霞. 保留后上支持动脉的股方肌骨瓣治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 664-669.

Yongqing Xu, Luqiao Pu, Chuan Li, Changmeng Shan, Shaoquan Pu, Teng Wang, Wei Lin, Xingbo Cai, Xia Li. Clinical study of femoral head necrosis treated with quadratus femoris-bone flap retaining posterior superior supporting artery[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(06): 664-669.

目的

设计保留股骨头后上支持动脉的股方肌骨瓣并使用冰鲜标本进行解剖学研究,观察此方法在ONFH治疗中的临床疗效。

方法

采用4具冰鲜标本设计保留后上支持带动脉的股方肌骨瓣并进行解剖学研究。纳入2019年1月至2021年3月联勤保障部队第九二〇医院骨科的ONFH的25例男性患者,年龄20~50岁,国际骨循环协会(ARCO)分期为Ⅱ期13髋,Ⅲ期12髋;术前数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查后上支持带动脉显影,接受保留股骨头后上支持动脉的股方肌骨瓣移植术保髋治疗。排除有急性感染、其他疾病需使用激素、严重心脑血管疾病、凝血功能障碍等患者。术后行股骨头DSA检查评价后上支持带动脉保留情况,术后12个月髋关节Harris评分、国际髋关节结果工具评分(iHOT-12)评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估髋关节功能,影像学检查评价ONFH的进展情况。计量资料比较采用配对t检验。

结果

4例标本均成功完成手术设计并完整保留了股骨头后上支持带动脉,6髋(75%)后上支持带动脉来源于旋股内侧动脉,2髋(25%)来源于臀下动脉,骨瓣切取长度为(4.0±0.1)cm。25例患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,随访时间(13.2±0.8)个月。Harris评分术前(56.92±0.89)分,术后(91.92±0.55)(t=33.48,P<0.05);iHOT-12评分术前(60.40±1.05)分,术后(107.00±0.63)分(t=37.88,P<0.05);VAS评分由术前(6.36±0.16)分降低至术后(1.92±0.14)分(t=20.70,P<0.05)。96%患者后上支持带动脉完整显影,随访期间股骨头无坏死进展。

结论

保留后上支持动脉的股方肌骨瓣移植术可有效保留股骨头主要动脉血供,为保留髋关节手术提供了新方法,但需要长期随访病例进一步评价其治疗效果。

Objective

To explore the posterior-superior retinacular artery preservation in the quadratus femoris-bone flap grafting for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.

Methods

Modified quadratus femoris bone flap with posterior-superior retinacular artery was designed and anatomic study was carried out in four chilled specimens. A retrospective analysis was performed on 25 male patients, age from 20 to 50 years, who received hip preservation treatment for femoral head necrosis in 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2019 to March 2021. According to Association Research Circulation Osseous(ARCO)classification, thirteen hips were in stage II and 12 hips in stage III. All the patients received preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for posterior-superior retinacular artery and were treated by hip-preservation surgery with quadratus femoris bone flap retaining retinacular artery. The patients with acute infections, taking steroids for other diseases, severe cardiocerebral vascular diseases and coagulation disorders were exluded. In the postoperative 12th month, hip function was assessed using Harris score, international hip outcome tool (iHOT-12), and visual analogue scale(VAS). Paired t test was performed for data analysis.

Results

All the four specimens were completed the surgical design successfully and retained the posterior superior retinacular artery completely. The posterior superior retinacular arteries of the femoral heads in six hips (75%) were derived from the medial circumflex femoral artery, those of two hips (25%) were derived from the inferior gluteal artery and the average length of bone flap was (4.0±0.1) cm. All 25 patients were followed up for (13.2±0.8) months on average. The Harris score of hip joint increased from (56.92±0.89) points before surgery to (91.92±0.55) points after surgery (t=33.48, P<0.05), iHOT-12 score increased from (60.40±1.05) points before surgery to (107.00±0.63) points after surgery (t=37.88, P<0.05), VAS decreased from (6.36±0.16) points before surgery to (1.92±0.14) points after surgery (t=20.70, P<0.05). Complete posterior superior retinacular artery was developed in 96% of the patients. No further necrosis of femoral head occured during the follow-up.

Conclusion

Modified quadratus femoris bone flap can effectively preserve the blood supply of the femoral head, providing a new method for hip preservation, but long-term follow-up is needed to further evaluate its therapeutic effect.

表1 患者术前及术后12个月髋关节评分情况[n=25, (±s)]
图1 1具冰鲜人体标本解剖结果。图A为标识截骨线示意(蓝色标记);图B为梨状肌临时骨瓣与股方肌骨瓣截取图;图C为保护后上支持带动脉推开部分关节囊显露股骨颈基底部并开窗;图D为股方肌骨瓣由股骨颈基底部植入股骨头注:a为梨状肌临时骨瓣,b为股方肌骨瓣,c为股骨头后上支持带动脉,d为股骨颈基底部开窗位置,股方肌骨瓣由此隧道植入
图2 典型病例1术前至术后16个月右侧髋关节影像学检查及术中情况。图A为术前骨盆X线正位片;图B为术前右侧髋关节CT,示右侧股骨头坏死,硬化带形成;图C为术前双侧髋关节MRI,示双侧股骨头坏死;图D为术中骨瓣截骨线;图E为术中C型臂透视定位,打通坏死硬化带区域并清理死骨;图F为术中植入股方肌骨瓣;图G为术前右侧股骨头DSA(数字减影血管造影),红色箭头为股骨头后上支持带动脉及下支持带动脉;图H为术后复查右侧股骨头DSA,示后上支持带动脉完整显影,红色箭头示内固定空心钉;图I术后复查骨盆X线正位片,示坏死区域植骨、骨瓣嵌入位置良好;图J为术后3个月复查骨盆X线正位片,示股骨头无塌陷、关节间隙正常;图K为术后6个月髋关节CT,红色箭头指示为股方肌骨瓣;图L为术后16个月骨盆X正位片,示股骨头无塌陷、关节间隙正常
图3 典型病例2术前术后左髋关节DSA(数字减影血管造影)影像。图A为术前DSA示后上支持带动脉显影;图B为术后DSA,示股骨头后上支持带动脉在骨瓣处中断未显影
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