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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (04) : 441 -449. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2022.04.009

荟萃分析

运动想象训练对全膝关节置换术患者干预效果的分析
王燚1, 谌晓安2,(), 张福兰2, 谭慧3, 周县委2, 徐涛2   
  1. 1. 416000 吉首大学体育科学学院;454000 焦作,河南理工大学体育学院
    2. 416000 吉首大学体育科学学院
    3. 453000 新乡新华医院护理部
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2022-08-01
  • 通信作者: 谌晓安
  • 基金资助:
    2019年湖南省哲学社会科学基金课题(19YBA283); 国家体育总局民族体育重点研究基地开放基金项目(20JDZB04); 河南理工大学人文社会科学研究基金项目(SKND2022-20)

Effect analysis of motor imagery training on patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Yi Wang1, Xiaoan Chen2,(), Fulan Zhang2, Hui Tan3, Xianwei Zhou2, Tao Xu2   

  1. 1. College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; School of Physical Education, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
    2. College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
    3. Nursing Department, Xinxiang Xinhua Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, China
  • Received:2022-04-12 Published:2022-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoan Chen
引用本文:

王燚, 谌晓安, 张福兰, 谭慧, 周县委, 徐涛. 运动想象训练对全膝关节置换术患者干预效果的分析[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(04): 441-449.

Yi Wang, Xiaoan Chen, Fulan Zhang, Hui Tan, Xianwei Zhou, Tao Xu. Effect analysis of motor imagery training on patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(04): 441-449.

目的

系统评价运动想象训练(MIT)对全膝关节置换手术(TKA)患者的干预效果。

方法

检索荷兰医学文摘数据库(EMBASE)、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、卫生保健及护理学数据库(CINAHL)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、万方、维普数据库,收集关于MIT对TKA患者干预效果的随机对照试验。筛选研究对象为采用MIT联合常规物理康复或只进行常规物理康复的TKA术后患者,结局指标涉及股四头肌肌力、膝关节活动范围(ROM)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、计时起立-行走测试(TUG)。运用Cochrane协作工具对纳入研究的质量进行评估,采用Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。

结果

共纳入8篇文献,264例患者。Meta分析结果显示:MIT组与对照组相比,能显著提升TKA患者股四头肌肌力[标准化均数差(SMD)=0.67,95%置信区间(CI)(0.37,0.96),P<0.001]、膝关节ROM [SMD=0.60,95%CI(0.06,1.15),P=0.032],降低VAS评分[SMD=-0.64,95%CI(-1.00,-0.28),P=0.001],但对TUG的影响无统计学意义[SMD=-0.59,95%CI(-1.21,0.03),P=0.063]。亚组分析显示,在慢性康复期(术后≥2周),MIT能显著提升膝关节ROM[SMD=1.65,95%CI(0.84,2.45),P<0.001],降低VAS评分[SMD=-0.63,95%CI(-1.10,-0.16),P=0.008],而在急性康复期(术后24 h)MIT对膝关节ROM与VAS的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

当前证据表明,MIT联合常规物理康复能够显著提升TKA术后患者股四头肌力量、膝关节ROM,缓解疼痛。但MIT对膝关节ROM与疼痛的干预效果受康复阶段的影响。

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effect of motor imagery training (MIT) on total knee replacement (TKA) patients.

Methods

Databases including Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP) were searched to collect randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of MIT intervention in TKA patients. The selected subjects were TKA patients who received MIT combined with conventional physical rehabilitation or only conventional physical rehabilitation. The outcome indicators included quadriceps muscle strength, knee range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale (VAS), and timed up-and-go test (TUG). The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and Stata 16.0 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Eight literatures with 264 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the MIT group could significantly improve the quadriceps muscle strength [standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.37, 0.96), P<0.001] and knee ROM [SMD=0.60, 95%CI (0.06, 1.15), P=0.032] in TKA patients. VAS score decreased [SMD=-0.64, 95%CI (-1.00, -0.28), P=0.001], but TUG had no significant effect [SMD =-0.59, 95%CI (-1.21, 0.03), P=0.063]. Subgroup analysis showed that MIT significantly improved knee ROM [SMD=1.65, 95%CI (0.84, 2.45), P<0.001] and decreased VAS score [SMD=-0.63, 95%CI (-1.10, -0.16), P=0.008] during chronic rehabilitation period (≥two weeks after surgery). There was no statistically significant effect of MIT on knee ROM and VAS in the acute rehabilitation period (24h after operation)(P>0.05).

Conclusions

Current evidence shows that MIT combined with routine physical rehabilitation can significantly improve quadriceps muscle strength, knee ROM, and relieve pain in patients after TKA. However, the effect of MIT on knee ROM and pain is affected by the rehabilitation stage.

图1 文献筛选与纳入流程
表1 纳入文献基本特征
作者及发表年份 国家 样本量(例)T/C 年龄(岁)T/C 干预措施 干预方案(MIT)* 结局指标
T C
Paravlic等,2020[7] 意大利 13/13 61.7±5.2/58.9±5.2 MIT+对照组训练 髋、膝关节灵活性与肌力训练 最大自主等长收缩;术后24 h;5次/周;15 min/次;4周 股四头肌肌力、VAS、TUG、ROM
Briones等,2020[8] 西班牙 12/12 73.0±5.0/72.0±6.0 MIT+对照组训练 髋、膝、踝关节灵活性与肌力训练 膝关节屈伸,髋关节屈曲、外展和内收,步态训练,上下楼;术后24 h;干预频率与治疗时间/次未报道;5 d ROM、VAS
Paravlic等,2019[9] 斯洛文尼亚 13/13 62.2±4.9/60.0±5.7 MIT+对照组训练 髋、膝关节灵活性、肌力训练及步行练习 最大自主等长收缩;术后24 h;5次/周;15 min/次;4周 股四头肌肌力
Moukarzel等,2019a[11] 法国 12/12 70.0±2.9 MIT+对照组训练 下肢力量及步态训练;膝关节灵活性及本体感觉训练 膝关节屈伸,步态训练;术后6个月;3次/周;15 min /次;4周 股四头肌肌力、VAS、TUG、ROM
Moukarzel等,2019b[10] 法国 10/10 69.6±3.3 MIT+对照组训练 髋、膝关节灵活性、肌力训练及步行练习 膝关节屈伸;术后24 h;3次/周;15 min/次;4周 股四头肌肌力、TUG、ROM、
Zapparoli等,2020[12] 意大利 24/24 46.4±15.4/54.7±19.9 MIT+对照组训练 膝关节灵活性、肌力训练及神经肌肉控制练习 膝关节屈伸,步态训练;术后24 h;2次/d;15 min/次;11 d VAS、TUG、ROM
Mahmoud等,2016[13] 美国 4/6 66.0/63.8 MIT+对照组训练 膝关节灵活性训练与股四头肌肌力训练;步态练习 膝关节屈伸;术后2~6周;2次/d;10 min/次;8周 ROM、VAS
赵一琼等,2017[14] 中国 43/43 65.2±7.4/64.9±7.1 MIT+对照组训练 膝关节活动度、肌力、及平衡训练;步态练习 等长收缩、搬物品、散步等;术后24 h;1次/d;10 min/次;8周 股四头肌肌力
表2 纳入文献的偏倚风险评价
图2 MIT(运动想象训练)组与对照组股四头肌肌力比较
图3 股四头肌肌力Meta分析结果的敏感性分析
图4 MIT(运动想象训练)组与对照组膝关节ROM(活动范围)比较
图5 膝关节ROM(活动范围)Meta分析结果的敏感性分析
图6 不同康复阶段MIT(运动想象训练)组与对照组膝关节ROM(活动范围)比较
图7 MIT(运动想象训练)组与对照组TUG(计时起立-行走测试)比较
图8 TUG(计时起立-行走测试)Meta分析结果的敏感性分析
图9 MIT(运动想象训练)组与对照组VAS(疼痛视觉模拟评分)比较
图10 VAS(疼痛视觉模拟评分)Meta分析结果的敏感性分析
图11 不同康复阶段MIT(运动想象训练)组与对照组VAS(疼痛视觉模拟评分)比较
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