Research progress of 3D printing based on decellularized extracellular matrix in cartilage defect repair

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2023.03.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Focal articular cartilage defects are commonly detected in clinical practice, which can cause long-term pain, joint dysfunction, and even aggravate to osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage tissues are featured by a poor self-repair ability. Current repairs of articular cartilage defects, including microfracture, osteochondral mosaicplasty and autologous chondrocyte transplantation are unable to produce sufficient hyaline cartilages with good biological functions, and the long-term outcome is unsatisfactory. The decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) constitutes a dynamic and complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, which provides excellent biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical properties. Importantly, dECM can directly or indirectly regulate cell behaviors, including proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation. Stem cell-derived dECM has numerous advantages, such as low immunogenicity, high histocompatibility, and high differentiation potential. The microenvironment of stem cell-derived dECM is extremely similar to that of the natural ECM. As a result, it is usually used as a biological scaffold for cartilage repair in tissue engineering field. Using 3D bioprinting technology, dECM, alongside other biomolecules and even cells are utilized as bio-inks, and the printed bio-scaffold can reconstruct the physical and mechanical microenvironment required for the survival and proliferation of chondrocytes. Through a comprehensive summarizing of biological functions of dECM, the mechanism of dECM in repairing cartilage defects, technical characteristics of 3D bioprinting of dECM scaffolds, and their potential challenges and shortcomings, it is conductive to guide novel research directions for cartilage defect repair.

Key words: Decellularized extracellular matrix, Bioprinting, Printing, three-dimensional, Cartilage, Tissue engineering

Jiatian Qian, Peiliang Fu. Research progress of 3D printing based on decellularized extracellular matrix in cartilage defect repair[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(03): 368-375.

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