Noninvasive load in research of knee osteoarthritis

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2023.01.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Osteoarthritis (OA) closely associates with pathological changes of bone and cartilage under abnormal stress, however, the mechanism of it is still unclear. In order to study the mechanism, many animal models such as spontaneity, gene modification, invasive models (surgical and chemical inductions) are commonly used. All of the models are important tools for OA research, but they have mixed effects and unable to comprehensively reflect the role of abnormal stress in the whole pathological process. With the development in research and improvement of technologies, non-invasive compression-loading model has been gradually employed to study the development of OA. With a direct compression-loading, it can create variety types of injuries to simulate the occurrence and development of OA induced by abnormal stress or various injuries in clinic. A non-invasive loading model can not only simulate externally loaded stress, but also quantify the load and then make more objective studies on the injury caused by abnormal stress in the whole process of disease. This paper summarised the application and research progress of non-invasive compression-loading models. It may provide a meaningful way for the future study of abnormal stress load and post-traumatic knee OA, to explore the mechanism of OA lesions and relevant prevention and treatment, with a potential research method and theoretical basis.

Key words: Stress, mechanical, Osteoarthritis, knee, Models, animal, Cartilage, articular, Knee joint

Xiaolong Yang, Lizhi Zhang, Xiaodong Liu. Noninvasive load in research of knee osteoarthritis[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(01): 86-92.

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References 36

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模型	单次加压	周期加压	过载加压
常用动物	小鼠^[4,5]，豚鼠^[6]，狗^[7]	小鼠^[9]，兔子^[13]	小鼠^[22]，大鼠^[28]，兔子^[23]
主要优点	快速、可重复的无创性损伤；适用于高创伤性膝关节损伤后OA	可控性、可重复性；更类似于人类慢性过度负载所致的OA	单一创伤负荷足以诱发OA快速进展
主要缺点	不适合研究低能量非接触损伤导致的OA；	不适用于急性损伤；周期长	OA严重程度不可控
OA进度	快速损伤，进展快，早期OA	进展慢，中晚期OA	进展快，快速关节退变导致的OA
临床关联	高度类似于人类急性骨折等损伤所致OA	与人类OA关节退化的进展非常相似	可用于研究人类损伤后数小时或数天内ACL断裂的急性过程

模型	单次加压	周期加压	过载加压
常用动物	小鼠^[4,5]，豚鼠^[6]，狗^[7]	小鼠^[9]，兔子^[13]	小鼠^[22]，大鼠^[28]，兔子^[23]
主要优点	快速、可重复的无创性损伤；适用于高创伤性膝关节损伤后OA	可控性、可重复性；更类似于人类慢性过度负载所致的OA	单一创伤负荷足以诱发OA快速进展
主要缺点	不适合研究低能量非接触损伤导致的OA；	不适用于急性损伤；周期长	OA严重程度不可控
OA进度	快速损伤，进展快，早期OA	进展慢，中晚期OA	进展快，快速关节退变导致的OA
临床关联	高度类似于人类急性骨折等损伤所致OA	与人类OA关节退化的进展非常相似	可用于研究人类损伤后数小时或数天内ACL断裂的急性过程

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