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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 444 -451. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2026.04.006

临床论著

去阿片化麻醉用于全膝关节置换术的安全性与可行性
穆仕海, 高正莲, 尹静†(), 刘义鑫, 张帮健, 杨昶   
  1. 617000 四川 攀枝花市,攀枝花市中心医院麻醉科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 尹静
  • 基金资助:
    攀枝花市指导性科技计划项目(2024ZD-S-27)

Safety and feasibility of opioid-free anesthesia in total knee arthroplasty

Shihai Mu, Zhenglian Gao, Jing Yin†(), Yixin Liu, Bangjian Zhang, Chang Yang   

  1. Anesthesiology Department of Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617000, China
  • Received:2025-08-14 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Jing Yin
引用本文:

穆仕海, 高正莲, 尹静, 刘义鑫, 张帮健, 杨昶. 去阿片化麻醉用于全膝关节置换术的安全性与可行性[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 444-451.

Shihai Mu, Zhenglian Gao, Jing Yin, Yixin Liu, Bangjian Zhang, Chang Yang. Safety and feasibility of opioid-free anesthesia in total knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 444-451.

目的

探究艾司氯胺酮去阿片化麻醉用于全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者的安全性与可行性。

方法

收集攀枝花市中心医院收治的202例TKA患者,年龄18~75岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,身体质量指数(BMI)18~30 kg/m2,术前无凝血功能异常、无麻醉药物过敏史。采用计算机生成随机数表,按奇偶数将患者随机分为阿片类药物麻醉组(OA组,n=101)和去阿片化麻醉组(OFA组,n=101)。采用独立样本t检验、卡方检验和重复测量方差分析检验比较两组麻醉相关指标、镇痛、镇静效果、血流动力学指标、术后伤口慢性疼痛发生率、不良反应发生率。

结果

与OA组相比,OFA组麻醉清醒时间、拔管时间、麻醉后护理病房(PACU)停留时间、首次下床活动时间明显缩短,术后48 h舒芬太尼总消耗量明显减少(t=12.558、15.065、11.830、15.126、30.852,均为P<0.05)。OFA组、OA组不同时点静息视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分、运动VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)的交互、组间及时间效应比较差异有统计学意义(F =13.111、42.860、57.079;F =9.683、28.574、42.106;F =9.091、32.258、65.217,均为P<0.05),OFA组术后4、6、12、24、48 h静息VAS评分明显低于OA组(t=32.648、21.55、24.448、24.428、29.700,均为P<0.05),术后6、12 h RSS评分明显低于OA组(t=11.126、31.115,均为P<0.05)。OFA组、OA组不同时间点心率(F=15.789、98.765、12.346)、平均动脉压(F=13.462、78.947、10.870)、脑电双频指数(BIS)(F=3.875、43.478、57.011)的交互效应比较差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),OFA组T1、T2、T3、T4心率(t=11.751、10.081、7.688、3.108)、平均动脉压(t=14.235、9.270、4.612、2.085)、BIS值(t=5.624、6.857、5.813、6.717)明显高于OA组(均为P<0.05)。OFA组术后1、3、6个月伤口慢性疼痛发生率明显低于OA组(χ2=6.931、9.727、15.732,均为P<0.05)。OFA组术后恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制发生率明显低于OA组(χ2=4.028、6.733,均为P<0.05)。

结论

艾司氯胺酮去阿片化麻醉在TKA患者应用中有较好麻醉镇痛镇静效果,在减少围术期阿片类药物用量、稳定围术期血流动力学、减少术后慢性疼痛等方面有明确优势。

Objective

To investigate the safety and feasibility of opioid-free anesthesia with esketaminein patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

A total of 202 patients aged 18 to 75 years who underwent TKA in Panzhihua Central Hospital were enrolled, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades Ⅱ to Ⅲ, body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 30 kg/m2, and without coagulation abnormalities before surgery or history of anesthetic drug allergy. Using a computer generated random number table, patients were randomly divided into the opioid anesthesia (OA) group (n=101) and the opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) group (n=101) according to odd/even numbers. Independent samples t test, chi square test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to compare the two groups in terms of anesthesia-related indicators, analgesic and sedative effects, hemodynamic indicators, incidence of postoperative chronic woundpain, and incidence of adverse reactions.

Results

Compared with the OA group, the OFA group showed significant reductions in wake-up time, time to extubation, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, time to first ambulation, and total dosage of sufentanilin 48 h after surgery (t=12.558, 15.065, 11.830, 15.126, 30.852, all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in resting and motion states, and Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) scores in terms of interaction, inter-group, and time effects (F=13.111, 42.860, 57.079; F=9.683, 28.574, 42.106; F=9.091, 32.258, 65.217; all P<0.05). Compared with the OA group, the OFA group had lower VAS scoresin resting state at four, six, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery (t=32.648, 21.55, 24.448, 24.428, 29.700, all P<0.05), andlower RSS scores at 6 h and 12 h after surgery (t=11.126, 31.115; all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and bispectral index (BIS) values in terms of interaction effect (F=15.789, 98.765, 12.346; F=13.462, 78.947, 10.870; F=3.875, 43.478, 57.011; all P<0.05). Compared with the OA group, the OFA group had significantly higher heart rate, mean arterial pressure and BIS values at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (t=11.751, 10.081, 7.688, 3.108; t=14.235, 9.270, 4.612, 2.085; t=5.624, 6.857, 5.813, 6.717, all P<0.05). The incidence of chronic wound pain was significantly lower in the OFA group than in the OA group at one, three, and six months after surgery (χ2=6.931, 9.727, 15.732, all P<0.05). The incidence rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and respiratory depression were significantly lower in the OFA group (χ2=4.028, 6.733, all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Opioid-free anesthesia with esketamine can achieve good anesthetic and analgesic effects on patients undergoing TKA, with clear advantages in reducing perioperative opioid dosage, stabilizing perioperative hemodynamics, and reducing postoperative chronic pain.

表1 两组一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups
表2 两组麻醉相关指标比较(
±s)
Table 2 Comparison of anesthesia-related indicators between the two groups
表3 两组术后镇痛与镇静效果比较(
±s)
Table 3 Comparison of postoperative analgesia and sedation effects between the two groups
表4 两组血流动力学指标比较(
±s)
Table 4 Comparison of hemodynamic indexes between the two groups
表5 两组术后伤口慢性疼痛发生率比较[n(%)]
Table 5 Comparison of the incidence of postoperative chronic wound pain between the two groups
表6 两组术后不良反应比较[n(%)]
Table 6 Comparison of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups
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