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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 299 -306. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2026.03.006

临床论著

个性化截骨导板在全膝关节置换术后功能锻炼中的应用
赵海珠(), 袁慧颖, 冯倩倩, 韩彪   
  1. 063000 河北唐山,唐山市第二医院关节三科
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-07 出版日期:2026-06-01
  • 通信作者: 赵海珠

Application of personalized osteotomy guide plate in functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty

Haizhu Zhao(), Huiying Yuan, Qianqian Feng, Biao Han   

  1. Department of Joint Surgery Ⅲ, Tangshan Second Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
  • Received:2025-07-07 Published:2026-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Haizhu Zhao
引用本文:

赵海珠, 袁慧颖, 冯倩倩, 韩彪. 个性化截骨导板在全膝关节置换术后功能锻炼中的应用[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 299-306.

Haizhu Zhao, Huiying Yuan, Qianqian Feng, Biao Han. Application of personalized osteotomy guide plate in functional exercise after total knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 299-306.

目的

探讨三维(3D)打印个性化截骨导板在糖尿病患者全膝关节置换术(TKA)中的应用效果,评估其对术后运动功能及临床疗效的影响。

方法

采用前瞻性随机对照试验,纳入标准:糖尿病病程≥5年;膝骨关节炎Kellgren-Lawrence分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级;年龄50~75岁,身体质量指数(BMI)20~30 kg/m2;糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)≤8.5%。排除标准:合并重要脏器功能不全;膝关节周围感染;既往膝关节手术史或关节畸形;精神疾病或认知障碍;对3D打印材料过敏。纳入180例符合标准的糖尿病合并终末期膝骨关节炎患者,随机数字表法分为观察组(90例)和对照组(90例)。对照组采用传统金属截骨导板行TKA,观察组采用3D打印个性化截骨导板及康复指导。采用t检验、重复测量方差分析及卡方检验比较两组手术相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、并发症发生率)、影像学的髋-膝-踝角(HKA)偏差、假体角度与术前规划差值、膝关节活动度(ROM)、步行及平衡功能及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、血糖波动。

结果

在假体角度与术前规划差值方面,观察组股骨胫骨角(FTA)、股骨屈伸角(FFE)、胫骨外髁角(LTC)、股骨外髁角(LFC)与术前规划的差值均显著低于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(t=5.495、6.524、7.631、4.842,均为P<0.01)。两组术后不同时间点膝关节ROM比较显示:术后1周、1个月、3个月,两组ROM均随时间推移呈上升趋势,时间效应有统计学意义(F=428.615,P<0.001);观察组ROM在各时间点均高于对照组,组间效应有统计学意义(F=106.932,P<0.001);组别与时间存在交互作用,观察组ROM提升幅度更优(P<0.001)。术后3个月,观察组6 min步行试验(6MWT)距离长于对照组,计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)耗时显著短于对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(t=11.567、10.892,均为P<0.001)。观察组Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分优于对照组(Z=-4.826,P<0.001)。

结论

3D打印个性化截骨导板可提高糖尿病患者TKA的手术精准度,减少创伤及并发症,促进术后运动功能恢复,改善临床疗效,为该人群提供了优化的“手术-康复”一体化方案。

Objective

To explore the application effect of three dimensional (3D) printed custom osteotomy guide combined with 3D animation guidance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for diabetic patients, and to evaluate its impact on postoperative motor function and clinical efficacy.

Methods

A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Inclusion criteria: diabetes duration more than five years; knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren-Lawrence grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ; age from 50 to 75 years, body mass index (BMI) 20 to 30 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤8.5%. Exclusion criteria: severe vital organs dysfunction; periarticular infection of the knee joint; history of knee surgery or joint deformity; psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment; allergy to 3D printing materials. A total of 180 diabetic patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. They were divided into the observation group (90 cases) and the control group (90 cases) by random number table. The control group underwent TKA using traditional metal osteotomy guides, while the observation group received TKA with 3D-printed custom osteotomy guides combined with 3D animation-assisted surgery and rehabilitation guidance. The two groups were compared by t test, repeated measurement analysis of variance or chi square test in terms of surgery-related indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, incidence of complications), imaging indicators such as hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) deviation, differences between prosthetic angles and preoperative planning, knee range of motion (ROM), walking and balance function, and pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Knee Society score (KSS), blood glucose fluctuation.

Results

Regarding the discrepancy between prosthesis angles and preoperative planning, the observation group exhibited significantly lower deviations from preoperative planning in the femoral-tibial angle (FTA), femoral flexion-extension angle (FFE), tibial lateral condylar angle (LTC), and femoral lateral condylar angle (LFC) compared to the control group, with statistically significant intergroup differences (t=5.495,6.524,7.631,4.842, all P<0.01). Knee joint ROM comparison at different time points showed that ROM in both groups exhibited an upward trend over time at one week, one month, and three months after surgery, with statistically significant temporal effects (F=428.615, P<0.001). ROM in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at all the time points, with statistically significant intergroup effects (F=106.932, P<0.001). There was an interaction effect between group and time, with the observation group demonstrating superior ROM improvement (P<0.001). Three months after surgery, the observation group achieved longer distances on the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and shorter durations on the timed standing-up-walking test (TUGT) compared to the control group, with statistically significant intergroup differences (t=11.567,10.892, all P<0.001). The Berg balance scale (BBS) score in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (Z=-4.826, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Three dimensional-printed custom osteotomy guide combined with 3D animation guidance can improve the surgical accuracy of TKA in diabetic patients, reduce trauma and complications, promote postoperative motor function recovery, and enhance clinical efficacy, providing an optimized "surgery-rehabilitation" integrated solution for this population.

表1 两组基线资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups
表2 两组手术指标比较
Table 2 Comparison of surgical indicators between the two groups
表3 两组3个月后影像学指标
Table 3 Comparison of imaging indicators between the two groups after three months
表4 术后膝关节活动度比较[°,(
±s)]
Table 4 Comparison of knee joint range of motion after surgery
表5 运动功能指标比较
Table 5 Comparison of motor function indices
表6 两组临床疗效指标比较
Table 6 Comparison of clinical efficacy indicators between the two groups
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