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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 402 -408. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.04.002

临床论著

动力交叉钉治疗股骨颈骨折后早期股骨头坏死风险预测
翟禹樵1, 鲜思平1, 陈明灿1, 蒋珊2,()   
  1. 1610081 成都大学附属医院骨科
    2610100 成都市龙泉驿区第一人民医院康复医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2025-08-01
  • 通信作者: 蒋珊
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1311400)

Risk prediction of early femoral head necrosis after femoral neck system treatment for femoral neck fractures

Yuqiao Zhai1, Siping Xian1, Mingcan Chen1, Shan Jiang2,()   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China
    2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610100, China
  • Received:2025-01-20 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Shan Jiang
引用本文:

翟禹樵, 鲜思平, 陈明灿, 蒋珊. 动力交叉钉治疗股骨颈骨折后早期股骨头坏死风险预测[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 402-408.

Yuqiao Zhai, Siping Xian, Mingcan Chen, Shan Jiang. Risk prediction of early femoral head necrosis after femoral neck system treatment for femoral neck fractures[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 402-408.

目的

探讨PauwelsⅠ型~Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折股骨颈动力交叉钉系统(FNS)治疗后早期股骨头坏死(FHN)风险预测因素。

方法

回顾性选取成都大学附属医院2020年1月至2024年7月120例股骨颈骨折患者。纳入标准:单侧外伤性股骨颈骨折、年龄18~65岁、手术指征明确、资料完整;排除标准:病理性骨折、免疫性疾病、激素使用史、恶性肿瘤。入院后均采用FNS治疗,根据是否发生早期股骨头坏死分为股骨头坏死组(FHN组,n=39)和非股骨头坏死组(非FHN组,n=81),收集两组患者一般资料、实验室指标和围手术期指标,单因素分析比较两组间股骨头坏死相关因素差异,采用多因素logistic模型筛选股骨头坏死的独立影响因素,并通过受试者工作特征曲线分析各因素对早期股骨头坏死风险的预测效能。

结果

FHN组与非FHN组在Pauwels分型构成上差异存在统计学意义(χ2=2.629,P=0.009);FHN组骨折至手术等待时间、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素(IL)-6和IL-33高于非FHN组,β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)和Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽(P1NP)低于非FHN组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,骨折至手术等待时间、NLR、IL-6、β-CTX和P1NP均是早期股骨头坏死的影响因素。骨折至手术等待时间、NLR、IL-6、β-CTX和P1NP单独及联合预测早期FHN发生的灵敏度分别为0.513、0.821、0.718、0.872、0.667和0.974;特异度分别为0.765、0.889、0.889、0.556、0.864和0.951;Yoden指数分别为0.278、0.709、0.607、0.427、0.531和0.925;曲线下面积分别为0.683、0.924、0.829、0.748、0.801和0.993。

结论

FNS治疗不同骨折分型的股骨颈骨折患者术后发生早期FHN的风险因素包括骨折至手术等待时间、NLR、IL-6、β-CTX和P1NP,各因素联合预测FHN发生效能极高,具有较大的临床推广价值。

Objective

To investigate the risk predictors of early femoral head necrosis (FHN) after femoral neck system (FNS) treatment for femoral neck fractures of Pauwels type I to type III.

Methods

From January 2020 to July 2024 120 patients with femoral neck fractures in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University were retrospectively selected. Inclusion criteria: unilateral traumatic femoral neck fracture, aged from 18 to 65 years, clear surgical indications, complete data; exclusion criteria: pathological fracture, immune disease, history of hormone use, malignant tumor. and treated with FNS after admission. According to the presence or absence of occurrence of early FHN, the enrolled patients were divided into femoral head necrosis group (FHN group, n=39) and non-femoral head necrosis group (non-FHN group, n=81). The general data, laboratory indicators and perioperative indicators in the two groups were collected. The differences in related factors of FHN between groups were compared by univariate analysis. The independent influencing factors of FHN were screened by multivariate logistic model, and the predictive efficiency of each factor on the risk of early FHN was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

There was a statistical difference in Pauwels type composition between the FHN group and the non-FHN group (χ2=2.629, P=0.009). The waiting time from fracture to surgery, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-33 in the FHN group were longer or higher than those in the non-FHN group while the β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and pro-collagen I N-terminal pro-peptide (P1NP) were lower, with statistical difference (all P<0.05). After logistic regression analysis, it was found that the waiting time from fracture to surgery, NLR, IL-6, β-CTX and P1NP were the influencing factors for early FHN. As for predicting early FHN alone and in combination with waiting time from fracture to surgery, NLR, IL-6, β-CTX and P1NP, the sensitivities were 0.513, 0.821, 0.718, 0.872, 0.667 and 0.974 respectively; the specificities were 0.765, 0.889, 0.889, 0.556, 0.864 and 0.951; the Yoden indices were 0.278, 0.709, 0.607, 0.427, 0.531 and 0.925; the areas under the curves were 0.683, 0.924, 0.829, 0.748, 0.801 and 0.993 respectively.

Conclusions

The risk factors for postoperative early FHN in patients with femoral neck fractures treated with FNS for different fracture types include the waiting time from fracture to surgery, NLR, IL-6, β-CTX and P1NP. The combination of various factors has extremely high efficiency on predicting the occurrence of FHN and has great clinical promotion value.

表1 两组患者一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups
表2 两组患者围手术期指标比较
Table 2 Comparison of perioperative indicators between the two groups
表3 两组患者实验室指标比较
Table 3 Comparison of laboratory indicators between the two groups
表4 多因素logistic分析结果
Table 4 Results of multivariate logistic analysis
图1 危险因素对早期股骨头坏死的预测价值
Figure 1 Predictive value of risk factors on early femoral head necrosis
表5 危险因素对早期股骨头坏死的预测效能
Table 5 Predictive efficiency of risk factors on early femoral head necrosis
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