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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (05) : 535 -541. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2022.05.002

临床论著

机器人辅助与传统直接前入路微创全髋关节置换的比较
张雨1, 傅凯1, 姚尧1, 刘昊1, 庄再凯2, 蒋涛2, 沈颖1, 蒋青1, 陈东阳1,()   
  1. 1. 210008 南京大学医学院附属南京鼓楼医院运动医学与成人重建外科;210008 南京,国家骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心分中心
    2. 210008 南京,国家骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心分中心;210008 南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-31 出版日期:2022-10-01
  • 通信作者: 陈东阳
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81972124); 南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(ZKX18020)

Comparison of robotic assisted and traditional total hip arthroplasties with direct anterior approach

Yu Zhang1, Kai Fu1, Yao Yao1, Hao Liu1, Zaikai Zhuang2, Tao Jiang2, Ying Shen1, Qing Jiang1, Dongyang Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing 210008, China
    2. Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2021-07-31 Published:2022-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Dongyang Chen
引用本文:

张雨, 傅凯, 姚尧, 刘昊, 庄再凯, 蒋涛, 沈颖, 蒋青, 陈东阳. 机器人辅助与传统直接前入路微创全髋关节置换的比较[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(05): 535-541.

Yu Zhang, Kai Fu, Yao Yao, Hao Liu, Zaikai Zhuang, Tao Jiang, Ying Shen, Qing Jiang, Dongyang Chen. Comparison of robotic assisted and traditional total hip arthroplasties with direct anterior approach[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(05): 535-541.

目的

回顾性比较RIO机器人手臂骨科手术系统(MAKO机器人)辅助与传统直接前入路(DAA)微创全髋关节置换术(THA)的短期临床疗效。

方法

纳入2020年2月至2021年1月收治的48例行DAA入路THA患者的临床资料作为回顾性研究。纳入标准:初次行单侧THA患者;患侧髋关节无手术病史;术前肝肾功能、血红蛋白及凝血功能无异常。排除标准:患髋有手术病史;髋关节感染;术前心肺功能较差、贫血。按手术方式分为MAKO机器人辅助手术(MAKO组)和传统手术(传统组),每组各24例。收集性别、年龄、患髋疾病、身体质量指数(BMI)。比较两组手术时间、术后切口引流量、术后血红蛋白下降幅度、髋臼假体前倾角与外展角、双下肢长度差、住院时间、术后镇痛得分及并发症、髋关节Harris评分。

结果

用独立样本t检验、重复策略方差分析和卡方检验分析。结果 MAKO组和传统组患者分别随访(10.3±3.7)个月和(10.9±2.7)个月。两组患者在住院时间、切口引流量、围手术期血红蛋白和红细胞压积、双下肢长度差、术后镇痛得分及髋关节Harris评分方面差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与传统组相比,MAKO组在手术时间较传统组明显更长[(133.1±26.3)min vs(103.1±25.0)min](t=4.050, P<0.001)。但MAKO组与传统组比较,髋臼假体前倾角[(19.6±2.5)° vs(25.3±5.2)°](t=4.840,P<0.001)和外展角[(40.6±4.0)°vs(36.9±7.0)°](t=2.248,P=0.029)均更精准、角度波动范围更小。与术前相比,MAKO组患者术后双髋偏心距差更小(t=2.668,P=0.011)。

结论

与传统组相比,MAKO机器人辅助下直接前入路微创全髋关节置换术在髋臼假体安装角度和双侧偏心距方面具有更好的可控性和更高的准确度,但手术时间更长,二者短期髋关节功能无明显差异,长期临床效果需进一步观察。

Objective

To retrospectively explore the short-term clinical efficacy of RIO robotic arm interactive orthopedic system (MAKO robotic) assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) through direct anterior approach (DAA) compared with traditional model.

Methods

The data of a total of 48 patients (24 patients for MAKO group and 24 patients for the traditional group) who underwent THA through DAA were analyzed retrospectively during the period of February 2020 to January 2021. Inclusion criteria: the patients undergoing unilateral TKA for the first time; no operation in this hip joint; no abnormality was found in preoperative hepatic and renal function, hemoglobin, and coagulation function. Exclusion criteria: operation in this hip; infection; cardiopulmonary insufficiency, anemia. The patients were divided into MAKO robotic assissted group (the MAKO group) and the tranditional group according to the opermtive method, 24 cases in each.The data of sex, age, hip diseases and body mass index (BMI) were collected. The operation time, post-operative volume of drainage, decline in hemoglobin, the anteversion and abduction angles of acetabular cup, lower leg discrepancy, lenghth of hospital stay, Harris score, postoperative analgesia drug score and complications were assessed between the two groups. The data were analyzed by independent sample t test, repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square test.

Results

The follow-up time were (10.3±3.7) months in MAKO group and (10.9±2.7)months in the traditional group. There was no statistically significant difference between these two groups in the lenghth of hospital stay, pain drugs, volume of drainage, lower leg discrepancy, peri-operative hematocrit and decline in hemoglobin, postoperative analgesia drug score and Harris score in the last follow-up(all P>0.05). Compared with the traditional group, the MAKO group showed longer operation time [(133.1±26.3)min vs(103.1±25.0)min](t=4.050, P<0.001). The anteversion [(19.6±2.5)° vs(25.3±5.2)°](t=4.840, P<0.001) and abduction angles of acetabular cup[(40.6±4.0)°vs(36.9±7.0)°](t=2.248, P=0.029)were more consistent with predetermined values in the MAKO group than that in the traditional group. Compared with pre-operation, the patients in MAKO group had shorter difference between two hips in off-set. (t=2.668, P=0.011)

Conclusions

Compared with traditional THA, the prosthesis composition could achieve more corrective predetermined angles with the MAKO assisted arm and similar off-set at the cost of longer operation time. The short-term hip functions are similar in both surgical methods, but the long-term results should be further studied.

图1 MAKO机器人辅助下全髋关节置换术操作步骤。图A为术前CT扫描双侧髋关节收集影像学数据;图B为术前规划髋臼假体大小及髋臼假体安放角度;图C为术前规划股骨颈截骨线及股骨近端股骨柄计划使用型号;图D为术中定位、注册患侧髋臼位置;图E为术中在机器人手臂辅助相应角度下、实施信息反馈中进行髋臼侧磨臼准备,红色表示需要去除的骨质;图F为机器人辅助下髋臼侧准备完毕;图G为髋臼侧假体安装完毕,并进行髋臼假体位置的验证;图H为MAKO机器人辅助下全髋关节置换术后三位模式图
图2 基于CT影像学图像测量髋臼假体安装角度。图A为CT冠状面双髋图像,示水平红线为双侧髋臼泪滴连线;图B为CT横断面双髋图像,示水平红线为双侧坐骨支连线,与其垂直的红线为髋关节前后方向连线注:外展角-冠状面上测量髋臼边缘连线与泪滴连线之间的夹角;前倾角-髋臼边缘连线与髋关节前后方向之间的夹角
表1 MAKO组与传统组患者的一般临床资料
表2 MAKO组和传统组术后评价指标结果(±s)
图3 MAKO组与传统组患者术前及术后红细胞压积及血红蛋白变化水平。图A为红细胞压积变化趋势,术后第1、3天两组之间差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);图B为血红蛋白变化趋势,术后第1、3天两组之间差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)
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