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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 228 -235. doi: 10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.02.013

综述

生物型膝关节假体的临床应用进展
王永祺1,2, 姜俊杰1,2,(), 赵宇驰1,3   
  1. 1. 264003 烟台,滨州医学院第二临床医学院
    2. 264003 烟台市烟台山医院
    3. 264003 烟台市烟台山医院关节外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 姜俊杰

Progress of clinical application of cementless knee prosthesis

Yongqi Wang1,2, Junjie Jiang1,2,(), Yuchi Zhao1,3   

  1. 1. The Second Clinical School of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264003, China
    2. Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, China
    3. Department of Joint Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, China
  • Received:2024-07-20 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Junjie Jiang
引用本文:

王永祺, 姜俊杰, 赵宇驰. 生物型膝关节假体的临床应用进展[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 228-235.

Yongqi Wang, Junjie Jiang, Yuchi Zhao. Progress of clinical application of cementless knee prosthesis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 228-235.

骨水泥固定被认为是全膝关节置换术(TKA)的金标准,然而近年来患者群体呈现出肥胖化、年轻化的特点,植入物的终生使用令人担忧。生物型假体可以实现与骨的持久生物固定,能够保留骨量并避免骨水泥颗粒的产生,减少术后放射学透亮线的发生。但生物型假体术后早期需要限制负重及高屈曲活动,对患者早期康复十分不利。总体而言,骨水泥型和生物型假体在现代都取得了很好的效果,但都存在一定的缺点,而混合型假体可能会提高假体生存率。

Cement fixation is considered the gold standard for total knee arthroplasty (tKA), in recent years, however, there has been a shift toward younger and heavier body weight populations, lifelong use of implants is a concern, cementless prostheses can achieve permanent biological fixation with bone, it can preserve bone mass and avoid the production of cement debris, reducing the occurrence of postoperative radiolucent lines. However, it is necessary to restrict weight bearing and high flexion activity in the early postoperative period, which is very unfavorable to the early rehabilitation of patients. In general, both bone cement and cementless prostheses have achieved good results in modern times, but both have certain shortcomings, and hybrid prostheses may improve the survival rate.

表1 骨水泥型与生物型假体的优劣比较
Table 1 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages between cemented and cementless prostheses
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