快速破坏性髋关节疾病是一类在骨科疾病中比较少见的疾病，该类疾病病程进展迅速，早期各类检查与一般常见的髋关节疾病并无差异，但是常常在极短的时间内出现髋关节的严重破坏。因此临床上常常出现漏诊，误诊等现象，导致延误病情诊疗。国内目前缺少系统分析快速破坏性髋关节疾病诊断及其特点的文献。快速破坏性髋关节疾病好发于老年女性，多单侧发病，病情进展迅速。但目前发病机制尚不明确，主要有生物应力改变、软骨下不全骨折合并骨质疏松症、破骨细胞异常活跃和药物毒理反应等学说。该病主要以病史和影像学检查作为诊断依据，实验室检验多为阴性可以作为诊断参考。因该病早期诊断较为困难，故该病的治疗主要以中晚期的全髋关节置换术作为主要治疗手段。本文就该病近年来的研究进行综述，为临床上该疾病的诊断和治疗提供帮助。

Rapidly destructive hip disease is a relatively rare disease in orthopaedics, the course of this kind of disease is rapid, and there is no difference between early examination and common hip disease. However, serious damage to the hip joint often occurs in a very short period of time. Therefore, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis often occur in clinic, resulting in delay in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. At present, there is a lack of literature on the systematic analysis of the diagnosis and characteristics of rapid destructive hip diseases in China. Rapidly destructive hip disease often occurs in elderly women, mostly unilateral, and the disease progresses rapidly. But the pathogenesis is not clear, which mainly includes biological stress changes, subchondral incomplete fracture complicated with osteoporosis, abnormal activity of osteoclasts and drug toxicological reaction, etc. The diagnosis of the disease is mainly based on medical history and imaging examination, and most of the laboratory tests are negative which can be used as a reference for diagnosis. Because the early diagnosis of the disease is difficult, the treatment of the disease is mainly the middle and late stage of total hip arthroplasty as the main treatment. This article reviewed the recent studies of the disease and provided help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.