镁在骨关节炎治疗中的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2023.03.009

镁离子是人体内重要的离子，参与人体许多生理过程，包括酶、骨质的合成、重要神经递质的合成以及血管生成等。而镁离子作为临床治疗的药物具有十分悠久的历史，其在镇痛、解痉挛等方面的治疗作用中具有出色的表现。一直以来镁与骨关节炎(OA)的治疗并未有太多的相关性，然而在最近的研究中发现镁与OA的发病机制以及其治疗具有越来越多的联系，但目前国内关于这方面的综述还较少，因此本文以国内外最新研究为基础，重点介绍镁在OA治疗中延OA的退行性病变，控制炎症因子和相关细胞、对OA患者疼痛的控制以及晚期关节置换的作用，以及在这其中的相关机制。确定镁在OA治疗中的作用，不仅可以促进对OA的发病机制的理解，并最终有可能为未来治疗骨关节炎提供新方向和新思路。

关键词: 镁, 骨关节炎, 软骨, 间质干细胞, 炎症

Magnesium is an important ion in the human body and participates in many physiological processes in the human body, including the synthesis of enzymes, the synthesis of bones, the synthesis of important neurotransmitters, and angiogenesis. Magnesium ions have a long history of use as clinical therapeutic agents, with a proven track record of analgesic and antispasmodic effects. There has not been much correlation between magnesium and the treatment of osteoarthritis. However, in recent studies, it has been found that magnesium is more and more related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and its treatment. There are few reviews on this aspect, so this article is based on the latest research at home and abroad, focusing on the role of magnesium in the treatment of osteoarthritis to delay the degenerative changes of osteoarthritis, control inflammatory factors and related cells, reduce pain in patients with osteoarthritis, and the role of advanced joint replacement, as well as the relevant mechanisms in this. Determining the role of magnesium in the treatment of osteoarthritis can not only advance the understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, but may ultimately serve as a new direction and new idea for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future.

Key words: Magnesium, Osteoarthritis, cartilage, Mesenchymal stem cells, Inflammation

图1 镁在调节OA(骨关节炎)退行性病变的作用注：MAPK/Erk-丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/胞外信号调节激酶；Runx2-Runt相关转录因子2；Sox9-性别决定簇基因9；Hif-1α-低氧诱导因子-1α；MSCs-骨髓间充质干细胞

Figure 1 Role of magnesium in regulating degenerative diseases of osteoarthritis

图2 镁对OA(骨关节炎)关节的作用

Figure 2 Influence of magnum on osteoarthritis

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Research progress of magnesium in treatment of osteoarthritis