Function of knee mechanoreceptors in meniscus injury

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2024.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Meniscus injury is one of the most common lesions of the knee joint, and its self-repair ability is limited after injury. Without treatment, it will lead to a series of joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis and knee cartilage injury. When meniscus damage occurs, mechanoreceptors play an important role in joint stability. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, it is found that knee joint mechanoreceptors may play an important regulatory role after meniscus injury, affecting joint stability and functional recovery. This paper discussesd the role of mechanoreceptors in knee joint meniscus injury and the research progress. The research results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of knee joint injury and future clinical treatment.

Key words: Mechanoreceptor, Meniscus, Proprioception, summarize

Zehui Yan, Jinkai Di, Zijian Guo, Changjiang Mu, Zhibo Zhang, Shuai Chen, Zehua Wang, Zui Tian, Chuan Xiang. Function of knee mechanoreceptors in meniscus injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(04): 524-531.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhgjwkzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2024.04.012

https://zhgjwkzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V18/I04/524

Figures/Tables 2

References 75

［1］	Gupte CM，Shaerf DA，Sandison A，et al. Neural structures within human meniscofemoral ligaments: acadaveric study［J/OL］. ISRN Anat，2014,2014:719851. DOI: 10.1155/2014/719851.
［2］	Ramsey DK，Wretenberg PF，Lamontagne M，et al. Electromyographic and biomechanic analysis of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and functional knee bracing［J］. Clin Biomech，2003,18(1):28-34.
［3］	Jahn K，Krewer C. Proprioception - the sixth sense and its disorders［J］. Dtsch Med Wochenschr，2020,145(25):1855-1860.
［4］	Kosy JD，Mandalia VI. Anterior cruciate ligament mechanoreceptors and their potential importance in remnant-preserving reconstruction: areview of basic science and clinical findings［J］. J Knee Surg，2018,31(8):736-746.
［5］	陈瑶，黄凤兰，马锦富. 膝骨关节炎患者的关节稳定性研究进展［J］. 华西医学，2017,32(7):1097-1099.
［6］	Godinho P，Nicoliche E，Cossich V，etal. Proprioceptive deficit in patients with complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament［J］. Rev Bras Ortop，2014,49(6):613-618.
［7］	Freeman MA，Wyke B. The innervation of the knee joint. An anatomical and histological study in the cat［J］. J Anat，1967,101(Pt 3):505-532.
［8］	Ochi M，Iwasa J，Uchio Y，et al. The regeneration of sensory neurones in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament［J］. J Bone Joint Surg Br，1999,81(5):902-906.
［9］	Han YH，Li B，Wen Y. Distribution，quantity and gene expression of mechanoreceptors in ligaments and tendons of knee joint in rabbits［J］. J Mol Histol，2020,51(3):233-240.
［10］	Zimny ML. Mechanoreceptors in articular tissues［J］. Am J Anat，1988,182(1):16-32.
［11］	Kohn D，Moreno B. Meniscus insertion anatomy as a basis for meniscus replacement: a morphological cadaveric study［J］. Arthroscopy，1995,11(1):96-103.
［12］	Kusayama T，Harner CD，Carlin GJ，et al. Anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of human meniscofemoral ligaments［J］. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc，1994,2(4):234-237.
［13］	Feeley BT，Lau BC. Biomechanics and clinical outcomes of partial meniscectomy［J］. J Am Acad Orthop Surg，2018,26(24):853-863.
［14］	Makris EA，Hadidi P，Athanasiou KA. The knee meniscus: structure-function，pathophysiology，current repair techniques，and prospects for regeneration［J］. Biomaterials，2011,32(30):7411-7431.
［15］	Arnoczky SP，Warren RF. Microvasculature of the human meniscus［J］. Am J Sports Med，1982,10(2):90-95.
［16］	Beaufils P，Becker R，Kopf S，et al. The knee meniscus: management of traumatic tears and degenerative lesions［J］. EFORT Open Rev，2017,2(5):195-203.
［17］	Zhang S，Chen G，Li R，et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of lateral meniscal lesions: a consensus statement by the Chinese Society of Sports Medicine［J/OL］. Orthop J Sports Med，2022,10(12):23259671221138082. DOI: 10.1177/23259671221138082.
［18］	Cooper DE，Arnoczky SP，Warren RF. Meniscal repair［J］. Clin Sports Med，1991,10(3):529-548.
［19］	Englund M，Guermazi A，Gale D，et al. Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons［J］. N Engl J Med，2008,359(11):1108-1115.
［20］	Stensrud S，Risberg MA，Roos EM. Knee function and knee muscle strength in middle-aged patients with degenerative meniscal tears eligible for arthroscopic partial meniscectomy［J］. Br J Sports Med，2014,48(9):784-788.
［21］	Li M，Nie Y，Li K，et al. Effect of extensor muscle strength on Meniscusdamage progression in subjects without radiologic knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative［J］. Am J Phys Med Rehabil，2022,101(9):836-842.
［22］	Zimny ML，Schutte M，Dabezies E. Mechanoreceptors in the human anterior cruciate ligament［J］. Anat Rec，1986,214(2):204-209.
［23］	Denti M，Monteleone M，Berardi A，et al. Anterior cruciate ligament mechanoreceptors. Histologic studies on lesions and reconstruction［J］. Clin Orthop Relat Res，1994(308):29-32.
［24］	Bali K，Dhillon MS，Vasistha RK，et al. Efficacy of immunohistological methods in detecting functionally viable mechanoreceptors in the remnant stumps of injured anterior cruciate ligaments and its clinical importance［J］. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc，2012,20(1):75-80.
［25］	Rebmann D，Mayr HO，Schmal H，et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of sensory corpuscles in human transplants of the anterior cruciate ligament［J/OL］. J Orthop Surg Res，2020,15(1):270. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01785-5.
［26］	O’Connor BL，McConnaughey JS. The structure and innervation of cat knee menisci，and their relation to a “sensory hypothesis” of meniscal function［J］. Am J Anat，1978,153(3):431-442.
［27］	O’Connor BL. The histological structure of dog knee menisci with comments on its possible significance［J］. Am J Anat, 1976,147(4):407-417.
［28］	Zimny ML，Albright DJ，Dabezies E. Mechanoreceptors in the human medial meniscus［J］. Acta Anat，1988,133(1):35-40.
［29］	Assimakopoulos AP，Katonis PG，Agapitos MV，et al. The innervation of the human meniscus［J］. Clin Orthop Relat Res，1992(275):232-236.
［30］	Moon MS，Kim YS. Collagen fibres and mechanoreceptors in regenerated menisci of rabbits［J］. Int Orthop，1997,21(4):239-242.
［31］	Mine T，Kimura M，Sakka A，et al. Innervation of nociceptors in the menisci of the knee joint: an immunohistochemical study［J］. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg，2000,120(3-4):201-204.
［32］	Hirasawa Y，Okajima S，Ohta M，et al. Nerve distribution to the human knee joint: anatomical and immunohistochemical study［J］. Int Orthop，2000,24(1):1-4.
［33］	Nemery E，Gabriel A，Grulke S，et al. Mechanoreceptors in the anterior horn of the equine medial Meniscus: an immunohistochemical approach［J］. Anat Histol Embryol，2016,45(2):131-139.
［34］	Koc BB，Jansen EJP，van Dijk P，et al. Mechanoreceptors observed in a ligamentous structure between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament［J］. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc，2021,29(6):1701-1708.
［35］	Saygi B，Yildirim Y，Berker N，et al. Evaluation of the neurosensory function of the medial meniscus in humans［J］. Arthroscopy，2005,21(12):1468-1472.
［36］	Ohori T，Mae T，Shino K，et al. Complementary function of the meniscofemoral ligament and lateral meniscus posterior root to stabilize the lateral meniscus posterior horn: abiomechanical study in a porcine knee model［J/OL］. Orthop J Sports Med，2019,7(1):2325967118821605. DOI: 10.1177/2325967118821605.
［37］	Ariel de Lima D，Helito CP，Lacerda de Lima L，et al. Study of the nerve endings and mechanoreceptors of the anterolateral ligament of the knee［J］. Arthroscopy，2019,35(10):2918-2927.
［38］	Dos’Santos T，Thomas C，Comfort P，et al. The effect of training interventions on change of direction biomechanics associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament loading: ascoping review［J］. Sports Med，2019,49(12):1837-1859.
［39］	Macefield VG. Physiological characteristics of low-threshold mechanoreceptors in joints，muscle and skin in human subjects［J］. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol，2005,32(1-2):135-144.
［40］	Lee DH，Lee JH，Ahn SE，et al. Effect of time after anterior cruciate ligament tears on proprioception and postural stability［J/OL］. PLoS One，2015,10(9):e0139038. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139038.
［41］	Karahan M，Kocaoglu B，Cabukoglu C，et al. Effect of partial medial meniscectomy on the proprioceptive function of the knee［J］. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg，2010,130(3):427-431.
［42］	Brindle T，Nyland J，Johnson DL. The meniscus: review of basic principles with application to surgery and rehabilitation［J］. J Athl Train，2001,36(2):160-169.
［43］	Lee JH，Heo JW，Lee DH. Comparative postural stability in patients with lateral meniscus versus medial meniscus tears［J］. Knee，2018,25(2):256-261.
［44］	Knoop J，van der Leeden M，van der Esch M，et al. Association of lower muscle strength with self-reported knee instability in osteoarthritis of the knee: results from the Amsterdam osteoarthritis cohort［J］. Arthritis Care Res，2012,64(1):38-45.
［45］	van der Esch M，Knoop J，Hunter DJ，et al. The association between reduced knee joint proprioception and medial meniscal abnormalities using MRI in knee osteoarthritis: results from the Amsterdam osteoarthritis cohort［J］. Osteoarthritis Cartilage，2013,21(5):676-681.
［46］	Fuchs A，Georgii J，Taghizadeh E，et al. In-vivo assessment of meniscal movement in the knee joint during internal and external rotation under load［J/OL］. J Exp Orthop，2022,9(1):102. DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00540-5.
［47］	Tanaka T，Gale T，Nishida K，et al. Posterior tibial slope and meniscal slope correlate with in vivo tibial internal rotation during running and drop jump［J］. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc，2023,31(6):2366-2373.
［48］	Choursiya P，Tanwar T，Veqar Z. Effects of surface variability in whole-body vibration platform on knee osteoarthritis: a scoping review［J］. J Bodyw Mov Ther，2022,32:120-129.
［49］	Cholewicki J，VanVliet JJ 4th. Relative contribution of trunk muscles to the stability of the lumbar spine during isometric exertions［J］. Clin Biomech，2002,17(2):99-105.
［50］	Aman JE，Elangovan N，Yeh IL，et al. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor function: a systematic review［J/OL］. Front Hum Neurosci，2015,8:1075. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01075.
［51］	Ashton-Miller JA，Wojtys EM，Huston LJ，et al. Can proprioception really be improved by exercises?［J］. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc，2001,9(3):128-136.
［52］	Kuş G，Tarakçı E，Razak Ozdincler A，et al. Sensory-motor training versus resistance training in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial［J］. Clin Rehabil，2023,37(5):636-650.
［53］	Lephart SM，Pincivero DM，Giraldo JL，et al. The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries［J］. Am J Sports Med，1997,25(1):130-137.
［54］	苏航. 本体感觉训练促进半月板损伤术后膝关节功能康复［J/CD］. 中华关节外科杂志（电子版），2023,17(3):435-438.
［55］	郭亚俏，贾静，刘静，等. 等速肌力视觉反馈训练对半月板损伤患者关节镜术后膝关节肌力、本体感觉和关节功能康复的影响［J］. 临床与病理杂志，2022,42(9):2221-2227.
［56］	崔淑仪，王俊辉，赵嘉欣，等. 关节镜下半月板切除术后针刺运动疗法同步等速肌力训练康复疗效观察［J］. 中国针灸，2023,43(10):1118-1122.
［57］	Sharman MJ，Cresswell AG，Riek S. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching: mechanisms and clinical implications［J］. Sports Med，2006,36(11):929-939.
［58］	Alahmari KA，Silvian P，Ahmad I，et al. Effectiveness of low-frequency stimulation in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques for post ankle sprain balance and proprioception in adults: a randomized controlled trial［J/OL］. Biomed Res Int，2020,2020:9012930. DOI: 10.1155/2020/9012930.
［59］	Nyland J，Brosky T，Currier D，et al. Review of the afferent neural system of the knee and its contribution to motor learning［J］. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther，1994,19(1):2-11.
［60］	Grillner S，El Manira A. Current principles of motor control，with special reference to vertebrate locomotion［J］. Physiol Rev，2020,100(1):271-320.
［61］	Palmitier RA，An KN，Scott SG，et al. Kinetic chain exercise in knee rehabilitation［J］. Sports Med，1991,11(6):402-413.
［62］	Williams GN，Chmielewski T，Rudolph K，et al. Dynamic knee stability: current theory and implications for clinicians and scientists［J］. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther，2001,31(10):546-566.
［63］	Ageberg E，Roos EM. Neuromuscular exercise as treatment of degenerative knee disease［J］. Exerc Sport Sci Rev，2015,43(1):14-22.
［64］	梁邱，何成奇，姜俊良，等. 神经肌肉运动训练对膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛与功能恢复的临床疗效观察［J］. 华西医学，2018,33(10):1247-1251.
［65］	Wang Y，Wu Z，Chen Z，et al. Proprioceptive training for knee osteoarthritis: asystematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials［J/OL］. Front Med，2021,8:699921. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.699921.
［66］	Wang Z，Zhang X，Sun M. The application of whole-body vibration training in knee osteoarthritis［J/OL］. Joint Bone Spine，2022,89(2):105276. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105276.
［67］	郭春花，徐晓燕，何劼，等. 反重力跑台系统在前交叉韧带重建术后步行训练的应用［J/CD］. 中华关节外科杂志（电子版），2023,17(4):485-491.
［68］	王琴，黎华茂，黄萍，等. 平衡测试及训练系统联合全身振动系统对半月板关节镜修复术后康复疗效、预后影响［J］. 临床军医杂志，2023,51(7):734-736.
［69］	Magyar MO，Knoll Z，Kiss RM. Effect of medial meniscus tear and partial meniscectomy on balancing capacity in response to sudden unidirectional perturbation［J］. J Electromyogr Kinesiol，2012,22(3):440-445.
［70］	张理，邓婷婷，向登. 关节镜下急性创伤性膝关节半月板损伤不同术式的临床疗效比较［J］. 创伤外科杂志，2023,25(4):295-299.
［71］	Felson DT，Gross KD，Nevitt MC，et al. The effects of impaired joint position sense on the development and progression of pain and structural damage in knee osteoarthritis［J］. Arthritis Rheum，2009,61(8):1070-1076.
［72］	Shanahan CJ，Wrigley TV，Farrell MJ，et al. Proprioceptive impairments associated with knee osteoarthritis are not generalized to the ankle and elbow joints［J］. Hum Mov Sci，2015,41:103-113.
［73］	Krarup C，Rosén B，Boeckstyns M，et al. Sensation，mechanoreceptor，and nerve fiber function after nerve regeneration［J］. Ann Neurol，2017,82(6):940-950.
［74］	Padilla F，Puts R，Vico L，et al. Stimulation of bone repair with ultrasound［J］. Adv Exp Med Biol，2016,880:385-427.
［75］	喻安云. 要懂得如何预防膝关节半月板损伤［J］. 家庭医药，2019(6):47-48.

研究	方法	结果
O'Connor^［26-27］	改性氯化金	Ruffini小体，Pacinia小体
Zimny ^［28］	改性氯化金	Ruffini末端，Pacinia小体
Assimakopoulos^［29］	改性氯化金	游离神经末梢
Moon ^［30］	氯化金	所有类型
Mine^［31］	免疫组化染色	Pacinia，,Ruffini小体,游离神经末梢
Hirasawa ^［32］	免疫组化染色	Ruffini小体，游离神经末梢
Nemery^［33］	免疫组化染色	Ruffini，Pacinia小体和高尔基体
Koc^［34］	免疫组化染色，HE染色	高尔基体与游离神经末梢

研究	方法	结果
O'Connor^［26-27］	改性氯化金	Ruffini小体，Pacinia小体
Zimny ^［28］	改性氯化金	Ruffini末端，Pacinia小体
Assimakopoulos^［29］	改性氯化金	游离神经末梢
Moon ^［30］	氯化金	所有类型
Mine^［31］	免疫组化染色	Pacinia，,Ruffini小体,游离神经末梢
Hirasawa ^［32］	免疫组化染色	Ruffini小体，游离神经末梢
Nemery^［33］	免疫组化染色	Ruffini，Pacinia小体和高尔基体
Koc^［34］	免疫组化染色，HE染色	高尔基体与游离神经末梢

[1]	Zhanyu Yang, Yanhua Huang, Xiaodi Ma, Anying Feng, Minxian Wang, Qingyan Long. Improvements on mobility function with proprioceptive training in patients with ankle fracture [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(04): 477-483.
[2]	Shuai Lu, Liang Xu, Yao Zhang, Chao Fang, Qichun Zhao. Long-term effect of meniscoplasty on knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(02): 167-174.
[3]	Chuanlong Xia, Jian Chi, Qiang Cong, Jie Lian, Jun Cui, Yanling Chen. Clinical effects of platelet-rich plasma combined with arthroscopy on meniscus injury [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 877-881.
[4]	Hang Su. Effect of proprioceptive training on knee function rehabilitation after meniscus injury [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(03): 435-438.
[5]	Junjie Li, Faqiang Tang, Huiling Guo, Shulin Li, Zhengwei Xiao, Lingbo Su, Mingdi Chen, Qing Lan, Yilin Liao, Laipeng Yan. Relationship between medial patellar plica and posterior meniscal angle injury of knee [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(05): 625-629.
[6]	Min Zhang, Xiaojie Liu. Analysis of postoperative pain and its influencing factors in meniscus injury surgery [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(04): 492-496.
[7]	Qiang Hua, Rui Zhang, Chenghong Wen, Jie Ren, Wenduo Qian, Mingming Lei. Comparison of two arthroscopic operative portals for lateral discoid meniscus injuries [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(01): 22-28.
[8]	Haiquan Tian, Lu Li, Peng Zhang, Huiqiang Yang, Zhiqiang Qi, Zijiang Wang, Xiaodong Li. Meta-analysis on efficacy of all-inside versus inside-out suture for arthroscopic meniscal repair [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(04): 450-457.
[9]	Weigang Wu, Haobo Wu. Platelet rich plasma combined with surgery for treatment of knee osteoarthritis with meniscus injury [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(03): 369-372.
[10]	Huiwen Zhou, Yongsheng Xu, Huricha Bao, Baogang Wei, Yansong Qi, Haihe Wu, Fei Lyu, Pengfei Zhang, Yongheng Hu. Comparison of two different treatment methods for degenerative medial meniscus posterior root tears [J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(02): 171-177.
[11]	Weifeng Han, Dian Wang, Yidan Chen, Zheng Zeng. Comparison of effect of arthroscopic meniscoplasty and rehabilitation training in the treatment of middle-aged degenerative medial meniscus tear [J]. Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition), 2024, 19(02): 134-140.
[12]	Gouxian Yang, Yongqing Xu. Application of strengthening proprioceptive training combined with rehabilitation path in postoperative rehabilitation of patients with knee cruciate ligament rupture and meniscus injury [J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(03): 165-171.
[13]	Zhiqiang Dong, Lingan Huang, Fei Li, Gaige Wu, Pengcui Li, Xiaochun Wei. Arthroscopic outside-in suture technique versus all-inside suture technique for patients with meniscus injury: A Meta-Analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(02): 109-116.
[14]	Hong Yi, Xinhui Zhu, Jianbo Fan, Shengyu Cui, Wei Zhang, Wei Liu. Medium-term clinical efficacy of one-staged arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with reconstruction of posterior root tear of the lateral meniscus [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(12): 965-971.
[15]	Yi Zhang, Yubao Yuan, Yawei Luo, Xiaosong Deng. Efficacy of arthroscopic meniscinoplasty for elderly patients with knee meniscus injury [J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics Research(Electronic Edition), 2022, 09(01): 42-44.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export