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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 423 -430. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2026.04.004

临床论著

艾司氯胺酮对老年髋关节置换术患者术后认知功能的影响
裴小英1,†(), 周强1, 彭俊2, 刘波3   
  1. 1 610036 成都西区医院麻醉科
    2 610036 成都市金牛区人民医院麻醉科
    3 610041 成都平安医院麻醉科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2026-08-01
  • 通信作者: 裴小英
  • 基金资助:
    2022年成都市医学科研课题(2022168)

Effect of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly hip arthroplasty patients

Xiaoying Pei†,1(), Qiang Zhou1, Jun Peng2, Bo Liu3   

  1. 1Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu 610036, China
    2Department of Anesthesiology, Jinniu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610036, China
    3Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Ping An Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2025-02-28 Published:2026-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoying Pei
引用本文:

裴小英, 周强, 彭俊, 刘波. 艾司氯胺酮对老年髋关节置换术患者术后认知功能的影响[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 423-430.

Xiaoying Pei, Qiang Zhou, Jun Peng, Bo Liu. Effect of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly hip arthroplasty patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 423-430.

目的

探讨艾司氯胺酮对老年髋关节置换术患者术后认知功能的影响。

方法

前瞻性选取2020年12月至2022年12月在成都西区医院诊治的行髋关节置换术的老年患者114例纳入研究,纳入标准:年龄>60岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,行单侧髋关节置换术;排除标准:严重心、肝、肾功能不全,麻醉药物过敏史,严重精神或神经疾病,长期使用镇静、抗凝等药物。按照随机数字表法将患者分为2组,对照组57例和研究组57例,对照组给予等量的生理盐水麻醉,研究组给予艾司氯胺酮麻醉。采用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评估认知功能,重复测量方差分析比较两组术前1 d、术后1、3、7 d的MMSE评分;独立样本t检验比较两组术后康复情况(呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、首次下床时间、住院时间);重复测量方差分析两组麻醉诱导前5 min(T0)、诱导时(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、切皮后1 min(T3)、手术结束(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、Ramsay镇静评分;独立样本t检验比较两组术前1 d、术后1 d应激反应指标;以及卡方检验分析两组不良反应发生情况。

结果

在术后1、3、7 d研究组MMSE评分明显高于对照组(t=9.394、10.719、6.352,均为P<0.05)。两组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、首次下床时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),研究组住院时间与对照组比较明显较短(t=2.994,P<0.05),研究组术后谵妄率(8.8% vs 29.8%)明显低于对照组(χ2=8.111,P<0.05)。在T1、T2、T3、T4时点研究组Ramsay镇静评分明显高于对照组(t=7.363、6.062、16.187、15.735,均为P<0.05)。研究组术后1 d肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6水平均低于对照组(t=6.063、3.865、2.582、9.083、2.810,均为P<0.05)。研究组与对照组不良反应发生率(40.3% vs 38.6%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

艾司氯胺酮应用于老年髋关节置换术患者,可有效减轻应激反应,提高镇静效果,改善术后认知功能障碍,促进患者术后康复。

Objective

To investigate the effect of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly hip arthroplasty patients.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 114 elderly patients who underwent hip replacement surgery at Chengdu Western Hospital between December 2020 and December 2022. Inclusion criteria: age >60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification Ⅱ to Ⅲ, and undergoing unilateral hip replacement surgery. Exclusion criteria: severe cardiac, hepatic or renal insufficiency; history of allergy to anesthetic agents; severe psychiatric or neurological disorders; and long-term use of sedatives, anticoagulants, or similar medications. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table, the control group and the intervention group with 57 patients in each. The control group received anesthesia with an equivalent volume of normal saline, while the intervention group received anesthesia with esketamine. Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare MMSE scores between the two groups on the day before surgery and on one, three and seven days after surgery; independent-sample t test was used to compare postoperative recovery outcomes (time to respiratory recovery, time to eye opening, time to first ambulation, and length of hospital stay) between the two groups; repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and Ramsay sedation scores between the two groups at five minutes before anesthesia induction (T0), at the time of induction (T1), one minute after intubation (T2), one minute after skin incision (T3), and at the end of surgery (T4). Independent-sample t test was used to compare stress response indicators between the two groups on the day before surgery and the day after surgery; and chi square test was used to analyze the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups.

Results

The MMSE score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the first, third and seventh day after operation (t=9.394, 10.719, 6.352, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in respiratory recovery time, time to open eyes and time to get out of bed for the first time (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the hospitalization time of the study group was significantly shorter (t=2.994, P<0.05), and the postoperative delirium rate of the study group (8.8% vs 29.8%) was significantly lower (χ2=8.111, P<0.05). Ramsay sedation score in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group at T1, T2, T3 and T4 (t=7.363, 6.062, 16.187, 15.735, all P<0.05). The levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL) -6 were lower in the study group than in the control group at one day after operation (t=6.063, 3.865, 2.582, 9.083, 2.810, all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions between the study group and the control group (40.3% vs 38.6%) was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The application of esketamine in elderly patients with hip arthroplasty can effectively reduce the stress response, improve the sedation effect, reduce the postoperative cognitive impairment, and promote the early recovery of patients.

表1 两组基线资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups
表2 两组不同时点MMSE评分比较(
±s)
Table 2 Comparison of MMSE scores between the two goups a at different time points
表3 两组术后恢复情况比较
Table 3 Comparison of postoperative recovery between the two groups
表4 两组不同时点Ramsay镇静评分比较(
±s)
Table 4 Comparison of Ramsay sedation scores between the two groups at different time points
表5 两组手术前后应激反应指标比较(
±s)
Table 5 Comparison on stress indicators one day before and after surgery between two groups
表6 两组不良反应发生情况比较[n(%)]
Table 6 Comparison of adverse reaction incidence between the two groups
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