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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 314 -321. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2026.03.008

临床论著

痛风性关节炎和类风湿关节炎肌骨超声征象差异及鉴别
胥明婧, 刘宝(), 孙国强, 周静, 年梦雨   
  1. 221000 徐州市第一人民医院
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 出版日期:2026-06-01
  • 通信作者: 刘宝

Differences and differentiation in musculoskeletal ultrasound signs between gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Mingjing Xu, Bao Liu(), Guoqiang Sun, Jing Zhou, Mengyu Nian   

  1. Xuzhou First People’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Published:2026-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Bao Liu
引用本文:

胥明婧, 刘宝, 孙国强, 周静, 年梦雨. 痛风性关节炎和类风湿关节炎肌骨超声征象差异及鉴别[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 314-321.

Mingjing Xu, Bao Liu, Guoqiang Sun, Jing Zhou, Mengyu Nian. Differences and differentiation in musculoskeletal ultrasound signs between gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 314-321.

目的

构建痛风性关节炎(GA)与类风湿关节炎(RA)患者肌骨超声(MSUS)征象的鉴别诊断模型。

方法

选取2020年1月至2025年5月徐州市第一人民医院风湿免疫科就诊的180例患者。纳入标准:年龄在18~75岁之间;存在关节疼痛、肿胀等典型关节炎症状;患者能够配合完成肌骨超声检查。排除标准:合并其他类型关节炎,如感染性关节炎、反应性关节炎等;患有严重心、肝、肾等重要脏器功能障碍;妊娠或哺乳期女性。根据诊断结果分为GA组(n=92)、RA组(n=88),采用高频肌骨超声检测关节滑膜厚度、血流信号、骨侵蚀、双轨征、痛风石等征象。独立样本t检验分析两组超声征象差异,并通过多因素logistic回归和绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析超声征象的鉴别诊断效能。

结果

两组年龄(t=2.916)、性别(χ2=17.370)、身体质量指数(BMI)(t=5.427)、膝关节(χ2=4.447)、足趾关节受累率(χ2=13.310)、腕关节(χ2=11.117)、肩关节受累率(χ2=5.692)、双轨征(χ2=59.732)、点状高回声(χ2=34.567)、痛风石的阳性率(χ2=46.075)、骨侵蚀深度(t=6.640)、滑膜增生(t=8.586)、关节腔积液(t=9.164)、血流信号>2级(χ2=17.759)及软骨破坏(χ2=10.940)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,骨侵蚀[比值比(OR)=7.655,β=2.035]、关节腔积液(OR=6.323,β=1.844)、血流信号(OR=4.791,β=1.567)、性别(OR=7.202,β=1.974)、BMI(OR=0.684,β=-0.38)(均为P<0.05)是GA和RA的独立影响因素。同时ROC结果显示:GA鉴别中,双轨征、点状高回声、痛风石联合模型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.921,灵敏度82.4%,特异度94.3%;RA鉴别中,骨侵蚀、关节腔积液联合模型AUC为0.882,灵敏度78.4%,特异度87.0%。联合诊断的模型显示均具有良好的诊断效能。

结论

肌骨超声征象在GA与RA鉴别中具有重要价值,联合双轨征、痛风石等特征性征象可提高GA诊断效能,而骨侵蚀与关节腔积液对RA鉴别意义显著。

Objective

To construct a differential diagnosis model for musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS)signs in patients with gouty arthritis (GA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A total of 180 patients from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Xuzhou First People’s Hospital between January 2020 and May 2025 were selected. Inclusion criteria: age between 18 and 75 years old; present with typical symptoms of arthritis such as joint pain and swelling; Patients can cooperate to complete musculoskeletal ultrasound examination. Exclusion criteria: complicated with other types of arthritis, such as infectious arthritis, reactive arthritis, etc.; severe functional disorders of important organs like heart, liver, and kidney; pregnant or lactating women. Based on diagnostic results, they were divided into the GA group (n=92) and the RA group (n=88). High-frequency musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to detect synovial thickness, blood flow signals, bone erosion, the double-contour sign, and tophi. Differences in ultrasound findings between the two groups were compared by independent t test. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to evaluate the differential diagnostic performance of the ultrasound signs.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age (t=2.916), gender (χ2=17.370), body mass index (BMI) ( t=5.427), knee joint (χ2=4.447), toe joint involvement rate (χ2=13.310), wrist joint (χ2=11.117), shoulder joint involvement rate (χ2=5.692), double-track sign (χ2=59.732), punctate hyperechoic area (χ2=34.567), positive rate of gout stones (χ2=46.075), bone erosion depth (t=6.640), synovial hyperplasia (t=8.586), joint cavity effusion (t=9.164), blood flow signal over level two (χ2=17.759), and cartilage destruction (χ2=10.940) ( all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that bone erosion [odds ratio (OR)=7.655, β=2.035], joint cavity effusion (OR=6.323, β=1.844), blood flow signal (OR=4.791, β=1.567), gender (OR=7.202, β=1.974), and BMI (OR=0.684, β=-0.38) (all P<0.05) were independent influencing factors for GA and RA. Additionally, ROC results demonstrated that the combined model of double-track sign, punctate hyperechoic, and tophus in GA differentiation had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.921, with sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 94.3%. For RA differentiation, the combined model of bone erosion and joint cavity effusion had an AUC of 0.882, with sensitivity of 78.4% and specificity of 87.0%. The combined diagnostic models exhibited good diagnostic efficacy.

Conclusion

Musculoskeletal ultrasound signs are valuable in the differentiation between GA and RA, and the combination of characteristic signs such as double-track sign and gout stone can improve the diagnostic efficacy of GA, while bone erosion and joint cavity effusion are significant in the differentiation of RA.

表1 两组患者一般资料分析
Table 1 Analysis of general data of the two groups of patients
表2 两组关节受累情况分析[n(%)]
Table 2 Analysis of joint involvement in the two groups
表3 肌骨超声征象差异
Table 3 Differences in musculoskeletal ultrasound signs
图1 肌骨超声征象图。图A为右足第一趾指关节见积液,内见点状强回声,滑膜增厚;图B为内侧关节囊增厚,内见云雾状痛风石,可见稍丰富血流信号;图C为双侧膝关节软骨表面见双轨征;图D为双侧膝关节软骨表面见双轨征;图E为右侧腘肌腱内见痛风石;图F为膝关节滑膜增厚
Figure 1 Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging. A shows effusion in the first toe joint of the right foot, with punctate strong echoes and thickened synovium; B shows thickening of the medial joint capsule, with cloudy-like gout stones and slightly abundant blood flow signals; C shows double-track sign on the surface of the cartilage of both knees; D shows double-track sign on the surface of the cartilage of both knees; E shows gout stones in the right popliteal tendon; F shows thickening of the synovium of the knee joint
表4 两组患者多因素logistic回归分析
Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the two groups
表5 肌骨超声征象对GA的诊断效能
Table 5 The diagnostic efficacy of musculoskeletal ultrasound signs for GA
图2 肌骨超声征象诊断GA(痛风性关节炎)的ROC(接受者操作特性曲线)图
Figure 2 ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) diagram for diagnosing GA (gouty arthritis) based on musculoskeletal ultrasound signs
表6 肌骨超声征象对RA的诊断效能
Table 6 The diagnostic efficacy of musculoskeletal ultrasound signs for rheumatoid arthritis
图3 肌骨超声征象诊断RA(类风湿关节炎)的ROC(接受者操作特性曲线)图
Figure 3 ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) diagram for diagnosing RA (rheumatoid arthritis) based on musculoskeletal ultrasound signs
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