自体骨组织储存与再利用是骨缺损修复和重建治疗的重要策略。随着关节置换、创伤修复及骨肿瘤重建等手术量的增加，自体骨组织的获取机会不断增加，应用场景持续拓展。对于未来可能需接受分期重建、翻修手术或骨移植治疗的患者，术中保存自体骨组织可减少二次取骨损伤，并提高骨源利用效率。然而，在知情同意、伦理审查和法律法规框架下，如何规范自体骨组织获取、处理、检测、储存、运输及临床应用流程，尚缺乏统一标准。本专家共识基于国内外相关文献、组织库建设规范及现行技术标准，参考AATB、YY/T 0513.1-2019、GB/T 36988-2018和《自体骨组织库团体标准》（T/FDSA 0079-2025）等文件，结合我国骨科临床实践需求，经多学科专家反复讨论与论证后形成。本共识提出，自体骨组织储存应纳入覆盖术前评估、知情同意、术中获取、标识登记、冷链转运、分级储存、出库复核和临床使用的全过程管理体系，而非单一低温保存技术。在实施层面，建议建立手术室与骨库之间规范化交接及冷链管理流程；储存环节宜采用深低温（−196 ℃）条件，并配套完善质量管理体系与风险应急预案；临床应用应区分自体使用、亲属间使用及社会捐献等不同情形，明确适应证、禁忌证、筛查标准及伦理要求；伦理与法律层面，应明确组织所有权、知情同意、隐私保护及储存终止后的处置路径。本共识主要涵盖：（1）临床操作流程与骨库规范化管理；（2）储存与运输中的质量控制与风险管理；（3）深低温长期储存的安全性与稳定性；（4）跨区域冷链运输管理；（5）自体骨组织储存的适应证与禁忌证；（6）自体骨组织的临床应用原则；（7）自体骨组织的所有权与法律属性；（8）患者权益与隐私保护；（9）放弃储存情况下的合规处置。本共识旨在为医疗机构开展自体骨组织获取、储存与临床应用提供统一、可执行且可追溯的参考依据，以推动相关工作的安全、规范及依法合规开展，并促进标准化发展。

Autologous bone storage and reuse represent an important strategy for the repair and reconstruction of bone defects. With the increasing number of procedures such as joint arthroplasty, trauma repair, and bone tumor reconstruction, opportunities for harvesting autologous bone and its potential applications continue to expand. For patients who may require staged reconstruction, revision surgery, or bone grafting in the future, intraoperative preservation of autologous bone can reduce the need for secondary bone harvesting and improve the efficiency of bone resource utilization. However, under the frameworks of informed consent, ethical review, and regulatory requirements, standardized protocols for the procurement, processing, testing, storage, transportation, and clinical application of autologous bone remain lacking. This expert consensus was developed based on a comprehensive review of the literature, existing tissue bank regulations, and current technical standards, with reference to the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB), YY/T 0513.1-2019, GB/T 36988-2018, and the Group Standard for Autologous Bone Tissue Banks (T/FDSA 0079-2025). It was formulated through iterative discussions and deliberations among multidisciplinary experts, taking into account the practical needs of orthopedic clinical practice in China. This consensus proposes that autologous bone storage should be integrated into a comprehensive management system covering the entire process, including preoperative evaluation, informed consent, intraoperative procurement, labeling and registration, cold-chain transportation, stratified storage, release verification, and clinical application, rather than being regarded as a single low-temperature preservation technique. At the implementation level, standardized handover procedures and cold-chain management between operating rooms and bone banks are recommended. Storage should preferably be performed under deep cryogenic conditions (−196 ℃), supported by a robust quality management system and risk contingency plans. Clinical application should differentiate among autologous use and legally compliant familial use or donation scenarios, with clearly defined indications, contraindications, screening criteria, and ethical requirements. From ethical and legal perspectives, issues including tissue ownership, informed consent, privacy protection, and disposal pathways following termination of storage should be explicitly addressed. This consensus mainly covers: (1) clinical workflows and standardized bone bank management; (2) quality control and risk management in storage and transportation; (3) safety and stability of long-term deep cryogenic storage; (4) cross-regional cold-chain transportation; (5) indications and contraindications for autologous bone storage; (6) principles of clinical application; (7) ownership and legal attributes of autologous bone tissue; (8) patient rights and privacy protection; and (9) compliant disposal following abandonment of storage. This consensus aims to provide standardized, practical, and traceable guidance for medical institutions in the procurement, storage, and clinical application of autologous bone tissue, thereby promoting safe, regulated, and legally compliant practices and advancing standardization in this field.