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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 630 -636. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.05.014

临床经验

不同涂层股骨柄假体治疗高龄不稳定型粗隆间骨折
王斌1, 何立锋2,()   
  1. 1710000 西安,西电集团医院骨科
    2726000 商洛市中心医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-10-01
  • 通信作者: 何立锋
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-865)

Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with different coatings of femoral stem prostheses

Bin Wang1, Lifeng He2,()   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, XD Group Hospital, Xi’an 710000, China
    2Department of Orthopaedics, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo 726000, China
  • Received:2024-12-03 Published:2025-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Lifeng He
引用本文:

王斌, 何立锋. 不同涂层股骨柄假体治疗高龄不稳定型粗隆间骨折[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(05): 630-636.

Bin Wang, Lifeng He. Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with different coatings of femoral stem prostheses[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(05): 630-636.

目的

观察并分析具有不同涂层的钛合金长柄+双动人工股骨头组成的关节假体在半髋关节置换术(HHA)治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折中的应用效果。

方法

回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月间在西电集团医院使用双动人工股骨假体进行植入的110例HHA手术的围术期和随访资料,其中59例手术患者为严重骨质疏松(T值≤2.5)。所用假体的股骨柄均为钛合金材质,其中64例股骨柄表面为羟基磷灰石涂层,46例股骨柄表面为微弧氧化二氧化钛涂层。使用t检验和方差分析比较两种涂层股骨柄假体的住院期间并发症发生率和术后3个月开始的Harris髋关节评分(HHS)变化,记录分析影像学不良反应(骨质溶解、假体下沉、髋臼磨损、骨皮质疏松、异位骨化、双下肢不等长)和假体翻修情况等。

结果

所有患者的随访期为44(35,55)个月,其中89例有可供分析的术后影像学资料。术后不同时期植入不同涂层股骨柄的患者HHS的重复测量方差检验显示,组间主效应(F=0.634,P>0.05,∂η2=0.006)和交互效应差异无统计学意义(F=0.338,P>0.05,∂η2=0.003),随访时间主效应差异有统计学意义(F=656.51,P<0.001,∂η2=0.859)。术后24个月时羟基磷灰石涂层和微弧氧化涂层的HHS优良率分别为73.4%和76.1%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.099,P>0.05)。所有患者的影像学不良反应和假体周围骨折发生率均较低,均未发生假体松动、骨质溶解和双下肢不等长;分别有1例假体下沉(1.1%)、2例髋臼磨损(2.3%)、1例异位骨化(1.1%)、3例骨质疏松(3.4%),另有3例(3.4%)因术后假体周围骨折而进行了髋关节翻修。

结论

钛合金股骨长柄用于高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的HHA手术治疗能够取得较为理想的治疗效果。钛合金股骨柄的不同涂层对患者远期疗效并无显著影响,不同涂层均具有较好的临床应用前景。

Objective

To observe and investigate the application of prostheses consisting of titanium alloy long stem and bipolar femoral head with different coatings in hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) for treatment of geriatric femoral unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Methods

From January 2018 to December 2021, 110 senile patients underwent HHAs for femoral unstable intertrochanteric fractures (59 patients had severe osteoporosis with T value under 2.5) in XD Group Hospital. A retrospective analysis was performed on the perioperative and follow-up informations of these patients. The femoral stems for implantation were titanium alloy stems, and 64 and 46 HHAs used stems coated with hydroxyapatite and with micro-arc oxidized TiO2, respectively. The overall comorbidities during hospitalization and changes in Harris hip scores (HHS) were compared at three, six, 12, 24 months after surgery by t test and variance analysis. Radiographic features were recorded and analyzed, including osteolysis, prosthesis subsidence, acetabular erosion, cortical porosis, heterotopic ossification, and leg length discrepancy, as well as records of stem revisions.

Results

All the patients were followed up for 44 (35, 55) months, and among them 89 patients had postoperative radiographs available for analysis. HHS scores after operation showed no statistically significant differences in inter-group effect (F=0.634, P>0.05, ∂η2=0.006) or interactive effect (F=0.338, P>0.05, ∂η2=0.003), while the difference in time effect was statistically significant (F=656.51, P<0.001, ∂η2=0.859). There was observed a relatively low occurrence of negative features according to radiographic analysis. No prosthesis loosening, osteolysis, or leg length discrepancy was found. One case encountered prosthesis subsidence (1.1%), two (2.3%), one (1.1%), and three (3.4%) hips encountered acetabular erosion, heterotopic ossification, and cortical porosis respectively; three hips (3.4%) received stem revision owing to periprosthetic fractures.

Conclusions

The application of titanium alloy femoral long stems can achieve satisfactory utility in HHA treatment of geriatric femoral unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Due to the merits such as shorter surgery time compared to cemented-type stems, titanium alloy femoral stems have more promising applicative potential.

表1 两组患者的基线和围手术期资料
Table 1 Baseline data and perioperative data of the study samples
表2 不同涂层股骨柄假体HHA术后HHS评分(±s
Table 2 HHS after HHA with different coated titanium alloy femoral stem prostheses
图1 HHA (半髋关节置换)术前后3例股骨粗隆间骨折病例前后位X线片。图A为病例1术前左髋X线片,示左股骨粗隆间骨折,股骨大粗隆骨折移位,箭头示小粗隆骨折但无移位;图B为病例1 HHA术后左髋X线片,示左侧半髋置换假体,箭头示克氏针钛缆张力带固定大粗隆骨折;图C为病例2术前左髋X线片,示左侧股骨粗隆间骨折,箭头示股骨大粗隆骨折移位,股骨距内侧皮质完整;图D为病例2 HHA术后左髋X线片,示左侧半髋置换假体,箭头示克氏针钛缆张力带固定大粗隆骨折;图E为病例3术前骨盆X线片,示左侧股骨粗隆间骨折,骨折波及大小粗隆,箭头示小粗隆游离并且髋关节内翻畸形;图F为病例3 HHA术后左髋X线片,示左侧半髋置换假体,克氏针钢丝捆扎并"8"字张力带固定大粗隆骨折
Figure 1 Antero-posterior views of three cases with intertrochanteric fractures on X-ray images before and after HHA. A is left hip image of case one before surgery, showing left intertrochanteric fracture of the femur, with displacement of the greater trochanter and involvement of the lesser trochanter without displacement (arrow indicating); B is the left hip image of case one after HHA, showing hemi-replacement prosthesis of left hip, with Kirschner wire titanium cable tension band fixation applied to the greater trochanteric fracture of the femur (arrow indicating); C is left hip image of case two before surgery, showing left intertrochanteric fracture of the femur, with arrow indicating displacement of the greater trochanter fracture, and intact cortical medial part of the femoral calcar; D is the left hip image of case two after HHA, showing hemi-replacement prosthesis of left hip, with Kirschner wire titanium cable tension band fixation applied to the greater trochanteric fracture of the femur; E is pelvis image of case three before surgery, showing left intertrochanteric fracture of the femur, involving both the greater and lesser trochanters, with the free lesser trochanter and inverted deformity of hip; F is the left hip image of case three after HHA, showing hemi-replacement prosthesis of left hip, using Kirschner wire to tie up and fix the fracture by "8" -shaped tension band
图2 左股骨粗隆间骨折HHA术后左髋关节X线正位片。图A为术后第1天,示假体位置良好无下沉;图B为术后6周复查显示假体下沉约3 mm注:标线和箭头提示假体肩部与大粗隆顶点距离
Figure 2 Antero-posterior view of left hip with intertrochanteric fracture on X ray images after HHA. A is image at first day after surgery, showing good position of the prosthesis without subsidence; B is image six weeks after surgery, showing that the implant subsidence is about 3 mmNote: the bar and arrow indicate the distance between shoulder part of prothesis and top of greater trochanter
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