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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2019, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (01) : 78 -85. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2019.01.015

所属专题: 文献

荟萃研究

全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素的Meta分析
曾敬1, 赵洪普1,(), 杨展翔1, 张静云1, 郑兆宽1, 吴宝杰1   
  1. 1. 510150 广州医科大学附属第三医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-17 出版日期:2019-02-01
  • 通信作者: 赵洪普

Meta-analysis on risk factors for venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty

Jing Zeng1, Hongpu Zhao1,(), Zhanxiang Yang1, Jingyun Zhang1, Zhaokuan Zheng1, Baojie Wu1   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics, The third affiliated hospital of guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou 510150, China
  • Received:2018-07-17 Published:2019-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Hongpu Zhao
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Zhao Hongpu, Email:
引用本文:

曾敬, 赵洪普, 杨展翔, 张静云, 郑兆宽, 吴宝杰. 全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素的Meta分析[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2019, 13(01): 78-85.

Jing Zeng, Hongpu Zhao, Zhanxiang Yang, Jingyun Zhang, Zhaokuan Zheng, Baojie Wu. Meta-analysis on risk factors for venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2019, 13(01): 78-85.

目的

通过Meta分析总结全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,为临床识别和预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症提供循证医学的根据。

方法

检索PUBMED、EMBASE、Cochrane library、中国知网(CKNI)等数据库建库至2018年6月关于全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的临床研究。排除研究对象为非成人的文献及结局指标与静脉血栓不相关的文献。由2位研究者独立进行资料提取和质量评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。

结果

最终共纳入23篇文献,累计病例775 294例,其中10 325例静脉血栓,平均发生率(18.29±0.23)%。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥ 70岁[OR =0.92,95%CI(0.87,0.97),I2 =33%,P =0.0030]、年龄≥ 80岁[OR =0.85,95%CI(0.76,0.96),I2 =68%,P =0.0090]、术中止血带的使用[OR=2.14,95%CI(1.36,3.38),I2 =0%,P =0.0010]是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。女性[OR =0.95,95%CI(0.85,1.05),I2 =59%,P =0.32]、尼格罗人种[OR=0.40, 95%CI(0.11,1.48),I2=99%, P=0.1700]、高血压[OR=1.46,95%CI(0.87,2.45),I2 =91%,P =0.1500]、糖尿病[OR =1.11,95%CI(0.90,1.37),I2 =68%,P =0.3300]、类风湿性关节炎[OR =0.78,95%CI(0.38,1.56),I2 =89%,P =0.4800]、翻修[OR =1.14,95%CI(0.18,7.25),I2 =88%,P =0.8900]、下肢静脉曲张[OR =1.30,95%CI(0.83,2.04),I2 =29%,P =0.2500]、肿瘤[OR =1.11,95%CI(0.32,3.92),I2 =91%,P =0.8700]、心脏疾病[OR =1.19,95%CI(0.37,2.89),I2 =98%,P =0.9600]、肝肾疾病[OR =1.19,95%CI(0.84,1.67),I2 =0%,P =0.3200]不是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

结论

年龄≥ 70岁、年龄≥ 80岁、术中止血带的使用是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的高危险因素,临床医护人员应更加关注以上相关危险因素,以预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的发生。

Objective

To systematically analyze the risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism(VTE) after total knee arthroplasty(TKA) and to provide evidence for prevention of VTE after TKA through meta-analysis.

Methods

Potential clinical studies were identified by searching PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other databases from the start time of the data bases to June 2018. The literatures which were irrelevant to adult, and the literatures in those without general population of VTE and non-VTE groups, were all excluded. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality. RevMan analyses(RevMan 5.3.5)were used to analyze the data.

Results

Twenty-three studies were finally selected. The total number of patients included in this review were 775 294, whereas 10 325 patients developed VTE after TKA. The averaged VTE rate was (18.29±0.23)%. Factors found to be associated with VTE after TKA included age≥70[OR=0.92, 95%CI(0.87, 0.97), I2=33%, P<0.05], age≥80[OR=0.85, 95%CI(0.76, 0.96), I2=68%, P<0.05], and the use of tourniquet during the surgery[OR=2.14, 95%CI(1.36, 3.38), I2=0%, P<0.05]. No significant association was found in female[OR=0.95, 95%CI(0.85, 1.05), I2=59%, P>0.05], Negroids[OR=0.40, 95%CI(0.11, 1.48), I2=99%, P>0.05], hypertension[OR=1.46, 95%CI(0.87, 2.45), I2=91%, P>0.05], diabetes[OR=1.11, 95%CI(0.90, 1.37), I2=68%, P>0.05], rheumatoid arthritis[OR=0.78, 95%CI(0.38, 1.56), I2=89%, P>0.05], revision TKA[OR=1.14, 95%CI(0.18, 7.25), I2=88%, P>0.05], varicose veins in lower extremities[OR=1.30, 95%CI(0.83, 2.04), I2=29%, P>0.05], tumors[OR=1.11, 95%CI(0.32, 3.92), I2=91%, P>0.05], heart disease[OR=1.19, 95%CI(0.37, 2.89), I2=98%, P>0.05], and liver and kidney disease[OR=1.19, 95%CI(0.84, 1.67), I2=0%, P>0.05].

Conclusion

In this review, risk factors associated with VTE after TKA include age≥70 and 80 years, the use of tourniquet during the surgery; surgeons should be pay close attention to the patients involved with the these factors to prevent VTE after TKA.

表1 纳入文献的基本特征
文献 国家 研究类型 质量评分 例数 随访时间 术式 诊断方法  风险因素
Owens等[5]2018 美国 多中心前瞻性队列研究 6 96 230 30 d TKA 未注明 种族
Wakabayashi等[6]2017 日本 单一中心回顾性队列研究 7 322 未注明 TKA 超声多普勒 性别、年龄、大手术史、高血压、类风湿、翻修、心脏疾病、高血脂、糖尿病、子宫肌瘤、结缔组织疾病、肿瘤
Tay等[7]2016 新加坡 单一中心回顾性病例对照研究 7 894 1年 TKA 超声多普勒 性别、年龄、身体质量指数、合并疾病数、高脂血症病史
Mori等[8] 2016 日本 单一中心前瞻性随机对照研究 RCT 103 7 d TKA 超声多普勒 有无止血带
Izumi等[9]2015 日本 多中心前瞻性队列研究 6 1 288 10~28 d TKA 超声多普勒 类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎
Rostom等[10]2014 加拿大 单一中心回顾性队列研究 6 115 627 7 d TKA,THA 超声多普勒 年龄,高血压
BinAbd等[11]2014 新加坡 单一中心回顾性队列研究 6 531 未注明 TKA 未注明 止血带时间
Yeager等[12]2014 美国 单一中心前瞻性队列研究 5 428 未注明 TKA,THA 螺旋CT扫描 单双侧
Wupk等[13]2014 中国台湾 单一中心回顾性队列研究 6 52 566 28 d THA,TKA 未注明 年龄、性别、全/半关节、翻修、早期VTE病史、心脏衰竭、中风、短暂性脑缺血发作、糖尿病、高血压、静脉曲张
Adams等[14]2013 美国 多中心回顾性队列研究 7 40 491 1年 TKA 未注明 身体质量指数
Dua等[15]2012 美国 单一中心回顾性病例对照研究 5 51 859 90 d TKA,THA 未注明 静脉曲张的既往史或手术史
Pedersen等[16]2011 丹麦 多中心回顾性病例对照研究 5 37 223 90 d TKA 未注明 性别、年龄层次、类风湿、骨关节炎、合并疾病、血栓病史、糖尿病、肿瘤、心脏疾病、肝肾疾病、全半膝手术、单双侧、麻醉方式、手术时间、住院时间
Baser等[17]2011 美国 单一中心回顾性队列研究 5 115 627 1年 TKA,THA 未注明 种族,年龄,高血压,肿瘤,性别,肾脏疾病
Baser等[1]2010 美国 单一中心回顾性队列研究 5 118 086 2年 TKA,THA 未注明 种族,年龄,高血压,肿瘤,性别,肾脏疾病
Niki,等[18]2010 日本 单一中心回顾性队列研究 7 407 90 d TKA 超声多普勒 类风湿、骨关节炎
Kapoor等[19]2010 美国 多中心回顾性病例对照研究 4 223 600 未注明 TKA,THA 未注明 性别、年龄分层、双侧性、冠状动脉疾病、充血性心力衰竭、慢性阻塞性肺病、糖尿病和脑血管疾病
Xu等[20]2008 中国 单一中心回顾性病例对照研究 4 40 13 d TKA,THA 超声多普勒 止血带、骨水泥、类风湿、骨关节炎
Ricardo等[21]2008 西班牙 单一中心回顾性病例对照研究 4 58 037 未注明 TKA,THA 未注明 年龄、性别、住院时间、糖尿病、慢性肺疾病、慢性心力衰竭、高血压、缺血性心脏疾病、肿瘤、脑梗塞
Fukuda等[22]2007 美国 单一中心前瞻性随机对照研究 RCT 48 5 d TKA 超声多普勒 有无止血带
Chotanaphuti等[23]2007 泰国 单一中心回顾性队列研究 4 100 7~10 d TKA 静脉造影 性别、年龄分层、翻修、手术部位、体重、心脏疾病、肿瘤、静脉曲张、高血压、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、痛风、激素、类固醇、甲状腺功能、血液病
Wauke等[24]2002 日本 单一中心前瞻性随机对照研究 RCT 37 21 d TKA 超声多普勒 有无止血带
Fujita等[25]2000 日本 单一中心前瞻性队列研究 6 138 6~29 d TKA,THA 超声多普勒 年龄、身体质量指数、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、单双侧
Harvey等[26]1997 加拿大 单一中心前瞻性随机对照研究 RCT 78 14 d TKA 超声多普勒 有无止血带
表2 风险因素的Meta分析结果
表3 REFE计算结果比较
图1 年龄≥70岁与TKA(全膝关节置换术)术后VTE(静脉血栓栓塞症)关系森林图
图2 年龄≥80岁与TKA(全膝关节置换术)术后VTE(静脉血栓栓塞症)关系森林图
图3 术中使用止血带与TKA(全膝关节置换术)术后VTE(静脉血栓栓塞症)关系森林图
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