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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 46 -54. doi: 10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.01.008

临床论著

关节镜辅助经皮微创钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折
罗鸣1, 袁志1,(), 樊俊俊1, 廖炳辉1, 党海峰1, 郑天雷1, 白灵心1   
  1. 1. 710032 西安,解放军空军军医大学第一附属医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 袁志
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目申请书(S2021-YF-YBSF-0576)

Arthroscope-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treatment of tibial plateau fractures

Ming Luo1, Zhi Yuan1,(), Junjun Fan1, Binghui Liao1, Haifeng Dang1, Tianlei Zheng1, Lingxin Bai1   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of the PLA Air Force Military Medical University,710032, China
  • Received:2024-10-22 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Zhi Yuan
引用本文:

罗鸣, 袁志, 樊俊俊, 廖炳辉, 党海峰, 郑天雷, 白灵心. 关节镜辅助经皮微创钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 46-54.

Ming Luo, Zhi Yuan, Junjun Fan, Binghui Liao, Haifeng Dang, Tianlei Zheng, Lingxin Bai. Arthroscope-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treatment of tibial plateau fractures[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(01): 46-54.

目的

探究膝关节镜辅助经皮微创钢板内固定术(MIPPO)治疗SchatzkerⅡ~Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折的效果。

方法

选取2021年3月至2024年3月中国人民解放军空军军医大学第一附属医院骨科收治的135例被确诊为胫骨平台骨折,无开放性骨折,且能够耐受手术及麻醉过程者。根据治疗方式的不同分为传统手术组(接受传统切开内固定术治疗,64例)和微创手术组(接受膝关节镜引导的MIPPO技术复位内固定治疗,71例)。用秩和检验比较两组的疗效,正态计量资料疼痛应激指标,包括P物质(SP)、神经肽Y(NPY)以及前列腺素E2(PGE2)、功能恢复,包括步行频率、步行速度和步行幅度行t检验,计数资料并发症发生情况用卡方检验。

结果

微创手术组治疗优良率为92.8%,高于传统手术组的82.9%(χ2=6.084,P<0.05);术后10 d,两组患者的SP、NPY和PGE2水平均降低(传统手术组t=9.106、32.697、18.370,微创手术组t=14.371、45.266、25.712,均为P<0.05),且微创手术均低于传统手术组(t=9.120、11.640、9.336,均为P<0.05);术后6个月,微创手术组的步行频率、步行速度和步行幅度均高于传统手术组(t=3.674、3.275、3.273,均为P<0.05);微创手术组并发症发生率为3.2%,低于传统手术组的15.6%(χ2=5.026,P<0.05)。

结论

膝关节镜引导的MIPPO技术复位内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效显著,能够显著改善患者的疼痛应激反应,促进关节功能的恢复,同时还能降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。

Objective

To explore the effect of arthroscope-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in the treatment of SchatzkertypeⅡ-Ⅳof tibial plateau fractures.

Methods

From March 2021 to March 2024, 135 patients who were diagnosed with tibial plateau fractures and no open fractures and were able to tolerate surgery and anesthesia in department of orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital of the PLA Air Force Military Medical University were selected and divided into traditional surgery group (traditional incision internal fixation, 64 cases) and minimally invasive surgery group (knee arthroscopy-guided MIPPO technique reduction internal fixation,71 cases) by means of different treatment methods.The efficacy of the two groups was compared by rank sum test.The normal measurement data such as pain stress indicators [substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] and functional recovery (walking frequency, walking speed and walking amplitude) were measured by t test.Enumeration data such as occurrence of complications were detected by chi square test.

Results

The excellent and good rate of treatment in minimally invasive surgery group was 92.8%, which was higher than 82.9% in traditional surgery group (χ2=6.084, P<0.05).At 10 days after surgery, the levels of SP, NPY and PGE2 in the two groups were reduced (traditional surgery group t=9.106, 32.697, 18.370, minimally invasive surgery group t=14.371, 45.266, 25.712, all P<0.05), and the levels in minimally invasive surgery group were lower than those in traditional surgery group (t=9.120, 11.640,9.336, all P<0.05).At six months after surgery, the walking frequency, walking speed and walking amplitude were higher in minimally invasive surgery group than in traditional surgery group (t=3.674, 3.275, 3.273, all P<0.05).The incidence of surgical complications in minimally invasive surgery group with 3.2% was lower than 15.6% in traditional surgery group (χ2=5.026, P<0.05).

Conclusions

Knee arthroscopy-guided MIPPO technique reduction internal fixation has significant efficacy in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.It can significantly improve the pain stress response, promote the recovery of joint function, and reduce the incidence of complications.

表1 两组患者基线资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups of patients
表2 两组疗效比较[例(%)]
Table 2 Comparison of efficacy between the two groups (n, %)
表3 两组疼痛应激指标比较(x¯±)s
Table 3 Comparison of pain stress indicators between the two groups
表4 两组功能恢复情况比较(±s
Table 4 Comparison of functional recovery status between the two groups
表5 两组并发症发生情况比较[例(%)]
Table 5 Comparison of occurrence of complications between the two groups [n (%)]
图1 典型病例1 手术前后左膝关节影像图。图A 为术前左膝正位X 线片, 图B ~D 为术前左膝CT,示左膝胫骨外侧平台骨折、塌陷;图E 为术中关节镜,示外侧胫骨平台劈裂塌陷、骨折移位明显、关节面不平整,部分半月板损伤;图F 为在关节镜辅助下骨折复位联合经皮微创钢板内固定术,术中示关节面恢复平整、骨折解剖复位;图G ~H 为术后第2 天膝关节X 线片,示骨折位置良好、内固定未见异常;图I ~J 为术后3 个月时膝关节X 线片,示骨折位置愈合良好、内固定未见异常
Figure 1 Images of the left knee joint of the first typical case before and after surgery.A is preoperative X-ray image at anteroposterior view of left knee, B to D are preoperative CT images of the left knee, showing that the lateral tibial plateau fracture of the left knee, and the collapse was obvious; E is visial field of arthroscope during the operation, showing the splitting and collapse of the lateral tibial plateau,obvious fracture displacement, uneven articular surface and partial meniscus injury; F is arthroscopic image of reduction of fracture under arthroscope combined with percutaneous minimally invasive plate internal fixation, showing that the articular surface was restored and the fracture was anatomically reduced during the surgery; G and H are the X-ray images at anteroposterior and lateral views of the left knee joint on the second day after surgery, showing that the fracture position was good and the internal fixation was normal; I and J are the X-ray images at anteroposterior and lateral views of the left knee joint three months after the surgery, showing that the fracture position healed well and the internal fixation was well in position
图2 典型病例2 手术前后左膝关节影像图。图A 为术前左膝正侧位X 线片,图B ~C 为术前左膝CT 及三维重建图,示左膝胫骨外侧平台骨折、塌陷;图D 为左膝术中透视正侧位,示内固定位置;图E 为 MIPPO(经皮微创钢板内固定术)手术切口图;图F 为术中关节镜下示外侧胫骨平台塌陷、骨折移位,关节面有台阶样不平;图G 为关节镜辅助下骨折复位联合经皮微创钢板内固定术中,示关节面恢复平整,骨折解剖复位;图H 为术后第2 天左膝正侧位X 线片,图I 为术后第2 天左膝关节CT 三维重建图,示骨折位置良好、内固定未见异常;图J 为术后3 个月时膝关节X 线片示骨折位置愈合良好,内固定未见异常
Figure 2 Images of left knee joint of the second typical case before and after surgery.A is anteroposterior and lateral views of left knee in preoperative X-ray, B and C are preoerative CT and three dimensional reconstruction images, showing that the lateral tibial plateau fracture with significant collapse; D is intraoperative X ray image at anteroposterior and lateral view of left knee, showing the position of plates; E is the surgical incision of MIPPO(percutaneous minimally invasive plate internal fixation); F is visual field under arthroscope, showing the collapse of the lateral tibial plateau with obvious fracture displacement, and step-like unevenness of the articular surface; G is image during the arthroscope combined with MIPPO, showing that the anatomical reduction of bone fracture and the articular surface was restored; H is the X-ray image at anteroposterior and lateral views of the left knee joint and I is the three-dimensional reconstruction CT images on the second day after surgery, both showing that the fracture position was good and the internal fixation was normal;J is X-ray image of the left knee joint three months after surgery, showing good fracture healing and no abnormality in internal fixation
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