Comparison on early and late occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs after arthroscopy

doi:10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.02.017

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery, providing reliable clinical reference for the prevention and follow-up time of DVT after arthroscopy.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the early and long-term occurrence of DVT in lower limbs of patients after arthroscopy in Jinjiang Hospital from January first to December 31, 2023, by analyzing their general data, relevant laboratory indicators,and postoperative DVT ultrasound follow-up results; The patients with DVT demonstrated by preoperative ultrasound were excluded. According to the time point of postoperative DVT, the patients were divided into early DVT group and forward DVT group. Independent sample t test was used for quantitative data, and chi square test was used for count data to identify statistically significant risk factors between the two groups and explore the risk factors that cause early and forward DVT in patients after arthroscopy surgery.

Results

A total of 171 patients were included in this study, including 13 cases (7.6%) with early DVT: 10 cases of calf intermuscular vein, one case of tibial vein combined with calf intermuscular vein, one case of fibular vein, and one case of great saphenous vein combined with calf intermuscular vein in the thigh segment. Among them, 14 cases (8.1%)experienced forward DVT: 10 cases of calf intermuscular vein, one case of fibular vein, two cases of fibular vein combined with calf intermuscular vein, and one case of posterior tibial vein combined with fibular vein and calf intermuscular vein. Compared with the early DVT group, the time difference of thrombus absorption was statistically significant (χ²=-2.816, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Late DVT after arthroscopy has a certain incidence rate with longer absorption time of the thrombus, and seriously consideration should be taken by clinical doctors.

Key words: Arthroscopy, Thrombosis, venous, Risk factors

Zhiman Xiao, Zefeng Zhang, Xiqi Zhuang, Qingfu Xiao. Comparison on early and late occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs after arthroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 253-256.

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URL: https://zhgjwkzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.02.017

https://zhgjwkzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V19/I02/253

Figures/Tables 1

Table 1 Relevant factors of early and forward DVT after arthroscope surgery

组别Groups	远期DVT组Late DVT group	早期DVT组Early DVT group	统计值Statistical values	P值
例数 Case number	14	13
年龄［岁，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Age (years)	53. 9±9. 6	47. 0±11. 2	t=-1. 702	>0. 05
性别 Gender［例（%）］
男 Male	6（42. 9）	6（46. 1）		1. 000^*
女 Female	8（57. 1）	7（53. 8）
手术部位［例（%）］ Surgical site
肩关节 Shoulder joint	3（21. 4）	0（0）
膝关节 Knee joint	10（71. 4）	10（76. 9）	χ ²=3. 517	>0. 05
踝关节 Ankle joint	1（7. 1）	3（23. 1）
止血带使用［例（%）］ Use of tourniquets
是 Yes	11（78. 6）	13（100. 0）		0. 481^*
否 No	3（21. 4）	0（0）
BMI［kg/m²，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］	24. 4±2. 3	25. 2±4. 8	t=0. 513	>0. 05
术前Caprini评分（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）Preoperative Caprini score	1. 6±0. 9	1. 4±1. 3	t=-0. 434	>0. 05
钠离子［mmol/L，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］ Sodium ion	139. 2±2. 0	139. 4±2. 0	t=0. 251	>0. 05
中性粒细胞/Neutrophils (10⁹/L)	4. 9±2. 9	4. 7±1. 9	t=-0. 232	>0. 05
空腹血糖/Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	6. 5±2. 8	5. 8±1. 1	t=-0. 870	>0. 05
手术时长［min，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］ Surgical duration	118. 0±67. 8	100. 1±60. 9	t=-0. 721	>0. 05
止血带使用时长［min，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Duration of tourniquet	81. 8±45. 6	94. 2±32. 0	t=-0. 821	>0. 05
术前D- 二聚体［mg/L，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］D-dimer before surgery	1. 2±1. 1	0. 9±0. 9	t=0. 778	>0. 05
术后D- 二聚体［mg/L，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］D-dimer after surgery	2. 1±1. 6	3. 2±1. 2	t=1. 968	>0. 05
术后Caprini评分（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）Caprini score after surgery	3. 2±0. 9	3. 2±1. 1	t=-0. 434	>0. 05
血栓出现时间［d，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Time of thrombosis occurrence	19. 6±10. 5	3. 0±0	t=-5. 715	＜0. 001
血栓吸收时间［d，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Thrombosis absorption time	62. 2±34. 6	31. 9±18. 0	t=-2. 816	0. 009

Table 1 Relevant factors of early and forward DVT after arthroscope surgery

组别Groups	远期DVT组Late DVT group	早期DVT组Early DVT group	统计值Statistical values	P值
例数 Case number	14	13
年龄［岁，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Age (years)	53. 9±9. 6	47. 0±11. 2	t=-1. 702	>0. 05
性别 Gender［例（%）］
男 Male	6（42. 9）	6（46. 1）		1. 000^*
女 Female	8（57. 1）	7（53. 8）
手术部位［例（%）］ Surgical site
肩关节 Shoulder joint	3（21. 4）	0（0）
膝关节 Knee joint	10（71. 4）	10（76. 9）	χ ²=3. 517	>0. 05
踝关节 Ankle joint	1（7. 1）	3（23. 1）
止血带使用［例（%）］ Use of tourniquets
是 Yes	11（78. 6）	13（100. 0）		0. 481^*
否 No	3（21. 4）	0（0）
BMI［kg/m²，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］	24. 4±2. 3	25. 2±4. 8	t=0. 513	>0. 05
术前Caprini评分（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）Preoperative Caprini score	1. 6±0. 9	1. 4±1. 3	t=-0. 434	>0. 05
钠离子［mmol/L，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］ Sodium ion	139. 2±2. 0	139. 4±2. 0	t=0. 251	>0. 05
中性粒细胞/Neutrophils (10⁹/L)	4. 9±2. 9	4. 7±1. 9	t=-0. 232	>0. 05
空腹血糖/Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	6. 5±2. 8	5. 8±1. 1	t=-0. 870	>0. 05
手术时长［min，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］ Surgical duration	118. 0±67. 8	100. 1±60. 9	t=-0. 721	>0. 05
止血带使用时长［min，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Duration of tourniquet	81. 8±45. 6	94. 2±32. 0	t=-0. 821	>0. 05
术前D- 二聚体［mg/L，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］D-dimer before surgery	1. 2±1. 1	0. 9±0. 9	t=0. 778	>0. 05
术后D- 二聚体［mg/L，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］D-dimer after surgery	2. 1±1. 6	3. 2±1. 2	t=1. 968	>0. 05
术后Caprini评分（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）Caprini score after surgery	3. 2±0. 9	3. 2±1. 1	t=-0. 434	>0. 05
血栓出现时间［d，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Time of thrombosis occurrence	19. 6±10. 5	3. 0±0	t=-5. 715	＜0. 001
血栓吸收时间［d，（ $\overset{ˉ}{x}$ ± s ）］Thrombosis absorption time	62. 2±34. 6	31. 9±18. 0	t=-2. 816	0. 009

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