Research progress on pain mechanism of knee osteoarthritis

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2021.05.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic, degenerative disease involving all structures in the joint. Pain, limitation of movement and joint deformity are the main symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. At present, the specific mechanism of knee osteoarthritis pain had not been fully elucidated, resulting in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis is not satisfactory. Pain is one of the main reasons for patients to receive joint replacement surgery. Based on the review of the literature, it is concluded that the pathological changes of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium and infrapatellar fat pad of the knee joint may lead to the production of inflammatory mediators and other molecules, which may cause inflammatory reaction in the articulation and stimulate the sensory nerve. The pathological changes may also change the mechanical stress in the joint, which can stimulate the sensory nerve to cause pain. The changes of nerve function may exist in the whole course of knee osteoarthritis. Long-term stimulation of the sensory nerve changes the neurological function, resulting in synergistic effects such as improving pain sensitivity and magnifying the pain area.

Key words: Osteoarthritis, knee, Pain, Cartilage, articular, Hyperalgesia

Jianxiong Li, Cheng Zhang, Pengfei Xin, Ziqi Li, Zhikun Zhuang, Wei He, Qiushi Wei. Research progress on pain mechanism of knee osteoarthritis[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(05): 596-600.

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