Osteoarthritis is a common disease of bone and joint, hip and knee arthroplasty is an effective method for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis.Beacause of the high incidence of anemia and large amount of bleeding during the perioperative period of hip and knee arthroplasty, safe and effective blood management is helpful to accelerate the recovery process of patients.At present, the blood management of hip and knee arthroplasty runs through all aspects of the perioperative period, which roughly includes correcting anemia before operation, controlling bleeding during operation and improving anemia after operation.In order to accelerate the recovery process of patients, corresponding methods should be adopted according to the specific changes of patients’ condition to reduce the incidence of perioperative bleeding、anemia and blood transfusion.This article reviewed the research progress of blood management in perioperative period of hip and knee arthroplasty by analyzing and summarizing the relevant domestic and foreign literature on blood management during the perioperative period of hip and knee arthroplasty.