Robot-assisted technology has developed rapidly in modern medicine in recent years, demonstrating significant clinical value particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of complex conditions such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Existing research indicates that when applied to various hip surgeries, this technology can enhance the accuracy of preoperative planning and, to some extent, reduce the risk of complications. In the treatment of DDH, the primary advantages of robot-assisted technology include precise localization of the surgical site, optimization of prosthesis placement, improved postoperative hip range of motion, reduction of lower limb length discrepancy, lower revision rates, promotion of postoperative rehabilitation, and maintenance of stable long-term outcomes. At the same time, as this technology becomes more widely adopted, the issues it raises regarding patient privacy protection, liability determination, and social ethics cannot be overlooked, and relevant laws and regulations still require further refinement. This article reviewed research progress in robot-assisted treatment for DDH, summarized its clinical advantages, analyzed current technical challenges as well as legal and ethical issues, and outlined future development directions. It aimed to provide guidance for overcoming key technical bottlenecks, enhancing clinical application standards, and expanding related research, thereby offering patients more precise and efficient treatment options.