Femoral head fractures are serious and rare injuries of the proximal femur, often associated with acetabular fractures and hip dislocations, which are complex and difficult to treat with unsatisfactory results, and the current literature in the UK and abroad is dominated by small studies and case report series. In recent years, due to the increase in the number of motor vehicle accidents and the improved safety performance of modern vehicles, the survival rate of patients with multiple trauma has increased significantly, resulting in a steady increase in the incidence of femoral head fractures, which are usually high-energy intra-articular injuries and therefore pose a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. This article presents a narrative review of the mechanism of injury, typing and treatment of this fracture in recent years, both nationally and internationally.