To summearize the relevant research results and to evaluate the efficacy difference between robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) and traditional total hip arthroplasty.

PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), China Online Journals(Wanfang), China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) were adopted in the information retrieval. the inclusion criteria were research objects receiving THA for the first time, and interventions containing robot-assisted THA and traditional THA, etc. The exclusion criteria were separate case reports, studies without quantified outcome indicators or data integrity, etc. Cohort studies and randomized controlled trials were included to conduct the efficacy comparison between robot-assisted THA and traditional THA, with the application of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Jadad scale for quality evaluation respectively. Revman 5.3 software was applied for meta-analysis.

Nineteen literatures were included in the total, in which three literatures were randomized controlled trials and 16 literatures were cohort studies, all literatures being with high quality. The results suggested that robot-assisted THA exhibited longer operation time than that of traditional THA [mean difference(MD)=15.23, 95% confidence interval(CI)(8.02, 22.44), P<0.001], higher probability of acetabular prosthesis implantation into Lewinnek safety zone [odds ratio (OR) =5.47, 95%CI(3.96, 7.57), P<0.001], smaller difference of global offset [MD=-0.76, 95%CI (-1.10, -0.43), P<0.001] and smaller difference of lower leg-length discrepancy [MD=-1.47, 95%CI (-2.12, -0.82), P<0.001]. Results of the two groups showed similarity in complications (P=0.10), anteversion angle (P=0.40), and abduction angle (P=0.43) of the acetabular prosthesis.

Robot-assisted THA extends the operation time, without leading to an increase of complication's incidence. Robot-assisted THA enables the improvement of acetabular prosthesis implantation safety, and enhancement in the position reasonability of lower limbs, with superiority over the traditional THA.