Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease in the motor system and has a high rate of disability worldwide.Due to the long course of OA disease, a series of pathological and physiological changes have occurred during its evolution, including the degeneration of articular cartilage, the formation of new bone and synovial hyperplasia, etc. Pain is the most common symptom of patients. With the development of the disease, the function of the diseased joints gradually decreases, and eventually leads to the disability of patients. The injury caused by early OA is reversible, but without early diagnosis and effective treatment, patients often go through the end stage of the disease. Joint replacement is the only effective treatment for patients with advanced OA.Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore the diagnostic means of early OA and carry out early effective targeted intervention to improve the prognosis of patients.In recent years, the study of proteomics in OA has made some progress, especially in the aspect of biological markers of OA. However, how to apply these results to clinical research remains to be further studied. This paper briefly reviewed the research progress of proteomics in OA.