Rapidly destructive hip disease (RDHD) is a disease characterized by rapid destructive of the bone of the hip, especially the femoral head and neck, which could causes a rapidly function decline and severe pain of the hip. The incidence rate of RDHD is very low, the rate of the women over 60 years is a little higher than others. A retrospective analysis of the relevant literature home and abroad find than the disease name, the definition and the pathogenesis of RDHD have obvious disputes. The commonly used disease name is rapidly destructive hip disease, which could be more exact. The imaging findings of RDHD are characterized by the obvious bone destruction and defect of the femoral head and neck in the middle and late stages, the diagnosis can be made with the disease course. However, early imaging doesn’t have diagnostic value, and the symptoms and signs aren’t specific, so the early diagnosis is much difficult. The present research suggests that the incidence of RDHD is related to variety factors such as osteoporosis, biomechanical changes of the hip and the activation of cell or cytokine, but the specific physiological and pathological process isn’t clear now. Early and mid-term treatments of RDHD are mainly the symptomatic treatment and the anti-osteoporosis treatment. Total hip arthroplasty can be used for surgical treatment of patients with advanced functional limitation, but the incidence rate of prosthesis loosening is higher.